Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad Essay - 639 Words

Heart of Darkness By Joseph Conrad Theme: The classic theme of good versus evil is found in the novel. . It is represented by the idea of conflict between the civilize world and the savage world as well as the contrast of light and darkness. A minor theme is that everyone has their own ?heart of darkness? ? the belief that within each individual there is an element of evil Plot: Exposition: The exposition serves to introduce the protagonist Complications: Though they occur, technically, over a period of six days, the complications oscillate continuously through Stevens? recollections of the past and descriptions of the present. In describing recollections, the author builds up to Stevens? emotional realization.†¦show more content†¦Had he expressed what he truly felt earlier, they would not have been separated. Resolution: While sitting and talking to the man on the pier, Stevens questions his life, realizing that his entire method of thinking has been wrong. He realizes that he has not been living as a human being, but rather as simply a butler. Characterization: Protagonist: Stevens is an emotionally dead butler with false ideals of what his work offers. In his inability to communicate, he loses his love and is unable to relate to his father. Antagonist: The antagonist is Stevens? inability to express his emotions, hiding them behind a mask of excessive professionalism. He loses the woman he loves and is incapable of relating to his father due to this inability. Minor Characters: Miss Kenton is the woman who Stevens falls in love with. She too shares the inability to express her emotions, resulting in their being separated. Lord Darlington is Stevens? earlier employer whom Stevens admires. He refuses to acknowledge Darlington?s corruption despite its being obvious. Stevens idolizes his father, but in becoming like him he loses the ability to communicate with him, and is eventually unable to relate to him at all. Setting: The novel is set in rural England between the World Wars. The setting defines the plot as the complications occur alongside politicalShow MoreRelatedHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1471 Words   |  6 PagesIn the story Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad a sailor decides to travel to Africa on a whim, using family connections he enlists as the captain of a ship travelling up the Congo River. The novella provides many themes, however is the text in itself racist? One of the main concepts portrayed in Heart of Darkness is the treatment of the natives of Africa and their image. This is most commonly shown through the disparity of the image between what is said in the novel and what can be read throughRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad Essay1371 Words   |  6 Pagesevery human and everything created by humans has two sides to it: the form and the substance. Joseph Conrad’s novella â€Å"Heart of Darkness† shows precisely how dangerous it is to put o ur trust in a concept, for example: colonization, without realizing that most of the time one only gets to see the form and not the substance. In this essay, my purpose is to demonstrate that â€Å"Heart of Darkness† by Joseph Conrad is mainly a novella about the discrepancy between substance and form. In order to prove my pointRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1378 Words   |  6 PagesWoytassek AP English 12 Heart of Darkness Reading Log Author: Joseph Conrad Title: Heart of Darkness Original Publication Date: 1899 Kind of Writing: Heart of Darkness is a colonial novella of an expository narrative. Writer’s Purpose and Intended Audience Joseph Conrad wrote Heart of Darkness because he wanted to expose human temptation to experiment with darkness when one’s own desires overcome one’s morals. By writing from his own experience of exploring the Congo, Conrad draws conclusions thatRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad983 Words   |  4 PagesThe Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad is a story that takes place in the early 1890s and presents us with an odyssey of a traveler known as Marlow who confronts the dangers of the Congo jungle while also witnessing the wicked, inhumane treatment of the African natives. In the story, Marlow represents Joseph Conrad who had actually traveled up the Congo in 1890 and witnessed the European exploitation of the African natives firsthand. In the Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad exposes the inhumanityRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1350 Words   |  6 Pagesyears, Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad was a treasured classic, with many honourable themes and messages, as the author reveals the true nature of humanity by following an European sailor’s journey through the dark jungles of Africa and down the river Congo, all while watching as his own humanity changes. As society has evolved, however, Heart of Darkness has come under scrutiny, as the language is quite racist. Chinua Achebe, writer of An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of DarknessRead MoreHeart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad1329 Words   |  5 Pages Heart of Darkness is a novel written by Joseph Conrad. The setting of the book is in Belgian Congo, which was the most infamous European colony in Africa. This is a story about the protagonist Marlow’s journey to self discovery, and his experiences in Congo. Conrad’s story explores the colonialism period in Africa to demonstrate Marlow’s struggles. Along the way, he faces insanity, death, his fear of failure, and cultural contamination as he makes his was to the inner station. Conrad through theRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad968 Words   |  4 PagesJoseph Conrad’s novella The Heart of Darkness has been under controversy because of racial interpretations. The race factor in this novel has made some scholars and professors question the function the novella has in the classroom. However, Joseph Conrad had another view when writing the novel; to demonstrate how prejudice and dehumanizing the European culture is towards African Americans and their culture during this time period. European’s superior authority over African Americans is portrayedRead MoreHeart Of Darkness, By Joseph Conrad1306 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is the â€Å"horror† in Heart of Darkness, and what particular literary images develop that idea of horror in the novel? In Joseph Conrad’s, Heart of Darkness, there can be many literary images found within that develop the idea of horror. Heart of Darkness is noted for its horror within the Congo between the Africans and the Europeans. The horror in Heart of Darkness is a contribution of many ideas that are formed and contributed from the European colonists. The purpose of this essay aims to argueRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1076 Words   |  5 PagesWritten in the late 1800’s, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is a novella about one man’s travel into the Congo Free State by way of the Congo River. The title â€Å"Heart of Darkness† actually holds two different meanings. Heart of Darkness is both a metaphor for a psychological â€Å"dark side† of man, and an allusion to Africa. The title suggests both a physical and mental reference. During the time the novel takes place, Africa was nick-named the dark continent because of how little the Europeans knewRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Conrad, author of Heart of Darkness, intriguingly uses an unnamed narrator in his novel that clearly becomes of importance right away in the introduction. Conrad’s narrator chooses to speak of the historical period in which Roman colonization took over what we now know as Great Britain. By connecting a Roman colonization story to one almost 2000 years later talking about the Belgians in Africa, Conrad reveals one of his own themes in the novel. He proposes that the Romans and Belgians

Essay on Imperialism- Conrads Heart of Darkness - 1162 Words

Imperialism and its oppressive processes have affected societies as well as individual lives for centuries. In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, oppression through imperialism demonstrates how a certain civilization, the Congolese, is affected negatively by imperialism. By focusing on Africa, it allows for a graphic recount of the many years spent reigned by foreign oppressors and tyrannies. In Heart of Darkness, the Congo is oppressed by the imperialists economically and geographically. As well, the oppressed people are taken advantage of spiritually. Conrad describes how the ruling tyrant is affected by the process of conquering a local people and this draws a parallel to the ruling empire. Conrad, through his novel, attempts to†¦show more content†¦The economic and geographic domination of an area for the benefit of another people directly affects those already inhabiting the region. The conquering of a place and its people does not just affect the land and its r esources; it also affects those inhabiting it. Marlow describes the Congolese’s spirituality being oppressed, â€Å"The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking is away from those who have a different complexion of slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much.† (Conrad, 69). Marlow discusses his aunt’s thoughts on the process, â€Å"She talked about weaning those ignorant millions from their horrid ways.† He watches the Europeans using their own laws to control and oppress the people of the Congo, for example, he sees an ugly chain-gang at the first station, which does not seem as though they are criminals. Nevertheless, the European law had decided for the natives, Marlow describes, â€Å"like shells from the man-of-war, like an insoluble mystery from the sea. (Conrad, 12). The Congolese appointed to work on his ship, he describes as, still belonging, â€Å"to the beginnings of time,† bu t â€Å"as long as there was a piece of paper written over in accordance with some farcical law or other made down the river, it didn’t enter anybody’s head to trouble how they would live. (Conrad, 33-34). Skulls of then men judged by the European law were set on stakes around Kurtz’sShow MoreRelated Theme of Colonialism and Imperialism in Conrads Heart of Darkness1008 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theme of Imperialism in Heart of Darkness       Of the themes in Conrads Heart of Darkness, imperialism and colonialism are probably the most important. While Heart of Darkness is actually set on the Thames River, the events Marlow describes are set on the Congo River. The Congo is the river that brought about the partition of Africa that occurred from 1880 to 1890 (McLynn 13). This event marked the beginning of the colonization of Africa. In 1884, European nations held a conference andRead MoreThoughts Of Imperialism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness911 Words   |  4 PagesHeart of Darkness, what does it really mean, what can it signify? For all it matters, it has no meaning, but is just a phrase. By applying the following schools of theory, psychoanalysis, over analyzing texts, cultural studies which portray how readers consume the text and postcolonial which analyzes the â€Å"losers† perspective it helps to depict the novella of Heart Darkness. By using the schools of theory, it will analyze a multitude of pers pective relating to the novella’s theme of imperialism disastrousRead MoreCorruption Of Imperialism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness1473 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome corrupt themselves. Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad relates to both the idea that an individual can become corrupt in a corrupt environment, and that some individuals can uphold their integrity in a corrupt situation. Both of these reactions can be seen in the main characters of Heart of Darkness, Kurtz and Marlow, in Kurtz’ becoming corrupt due to imperialism in the Congo, while still upholding some integrity, and in Marlow’s continuing integrity in spite of imperialism, while still losing someRead More Colonialism and Imperialism in Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay1016 Words   |  5 PagesImperialism Exposed in Conrads Heart of Darkness      Ã‚   Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness is a novel about European imperialism and its far-reaching effects. Conrad relates his personal opinions through the protagonist, Marlow, who learns a great deal about imperialism while on a journey to the African Congo. Although Heart of Darkness seems to be an anti-imperialistic work, this is not entirely true. Conrad condemns the overly idealistic nature of imperialism, but does not attack BritainsRead MoreImperialism And Colonialism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness1302 Words   |  6 Pagesstructures such as imperialism and colonialism can affect the way in which an individual experiences the world. Those born into the so-called â€Å"First World† countries have been privileged in that they have not felt the burden of such societal structure, as compared to those born into those â€Å"Second World† countries. These individuals have dealt with the pressures of Westernized society in such a way that their entire way of lif e has been transformed. Those whose countries hold values of imperialism and colonialismRead MoreThe Importance Of Imperialism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness1174 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, Conrad’s work seems to simply stress, â€Å"Humanity is important; fidelity is the highest virtue† (Moser, 1966, pg 11) but is both more subtle and complex. Even in the title of the book, Heart of Darkness, has significance. Africa’s Victorian era nickname was the ‘dark continent’, which â€Å"referred to the fact that little was known in the West about the interior of the continent† (yourdictionary.com, 2017). Therefore, Congo is the interior or ‘heart’ of Africa. This title also alludes toRead MoreImperialism And Racism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness1405 Words   |  6 PagesThe Negative Impact of Imperialism and Racism In the novella ‘Heart Of Darkness’ Marlow is a sailor who is telling the story to four other sailors about his expedition to The Congo and everything that ensued after he went on the expedition. Imperialism and racism has a negative impact on Marlow and Kurtz in Joseph Conrad’s novella â€Å"Heart Of Darkness† which reveals the savagery of the practice of imperialism. One of the impacts that is shown is near the end when Kurtz comes down with jungle feverRead More Colonialism and Imperialism in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness2027 Words   |  9 Pages   Joseph Conrads novella, Heart of Darkness, describes a life-altering journey that the protagonist, Marlow, experiences in the African Congo.   The story explores the historical period of colonialism in Africa to exemplify Marlows struggles.   Marlow, like other Europeans of his time, is brought up to believe certain things about colonialism, but his views change as he experiences colonialism first hand. This essay will explore Marlows view of colonialism, which is shaped through his experiencesRead More The Horrors of Colonialism and Imperialism in Conrads Heart of Darkness1840 Words   |  8 Pages     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the onset of the novella Heart of Darkness, the narrator Marlow compares his subsequent tale of colonialism with that of the Roman colonization of Northern Europe and the fascination associated with such an endeavor. However, throughout his narration, Marlow challenges this viewpoint by painting a heinous picture of the horrors of colonialist ventures. In the opening of his tale, Conrad, through Marlow, establishes his thoughts on colonialism. He says that conquerors only useRead MoreExposing Colonialism and Imperialism in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness1940 Words   |  8 PagesThe Evil of Colonialism Exposed in Heart of Darkness       Marlow was an average European man with average European beliefs. Like most Europeans of his time, Marlow believed in colonialism; that is, until he met Kurtz. Kurtz forces Marlow to rethink his current beliefs after Marlow learns the effects of colonialism deep in the African Congo. In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, Marlow learns that he has lived his entire life believing in a sugar-coated evil.   Marlows understanding of Kurtzs

Essay on Womens Role in Beowulf - 1707 Words

Wealhtheow: The Role of Women in Beowulf Beowulf is an epic tale written over twelve hundred years ago. In the poem, several different female characters are introduced, and each woman possesses detailed and unique characteristics. The women in Beowulf are portrayed as strong individuals, each of whom has a specific role within the poem. Some women are cast as the cup-bearers and gracious hostesses of the mead halls, such as Wealhtheow and Hygd, while others, Grendels mother, fulfill the role of a monstrous uninvited guest. The womans role of the time period, authors attitude, and societal expectations for women are evidenced throughout the poem. Wealhtheow is Hrothgars queen and the mother of his two sons. Wealhtheow portrays†¦show more content†¦614-616). However, as Wealhtheow continues her rounds of serving, it becomes apparent that Wealhtheow has more power than that of a common cup-bearer. This is evidenced when she is able to speak to the guests of the mead hall, and receives a respectful response from the guest of honor, Beowulf. In addition to the respect that she is given, it becomes apparent that Wealhtheow is well spoken and perhaps well educated: With measured words she welcomed the Geat / and thanked God for granting her wish that a deliverer she could believe in would arrive / to ease their afflictions (ll. 625-628). These descriptions of Wealhtheows presence within the mead-hall show her obedience to her lord, Hrothgar, as well as the respect she has earned from the people fulfilling her role as gracious hostess. Wealhtheow is portrayed as a strong female character, when she shows her strength in serving as an advisor to Hrothgar. She tells Hrothgar that he should not name Beowulf as the heir over their two sons with her and her sons best interests in mind. Wealhtheow is also a confident woman; she shows her power and influence in the mead hall by speaking in front of the people. Despite her strong personality and confidence, her inferiority to the male characters shows through because of her primary role to serve and be obedient to her lord. Wealhtheow wasShow MoreRelatedEssay on Women’s Roles in the Epic of Beowulf1143 Words   |  5 PagesWomen’s Roles in Beowulf      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Are women in this poem active equals of the men? Or are they passive victims of the men? The role of the women in Beowulf is not a stereotyped one of passive homemaker, but rather one having freedom of choice, range of activity, and room for personal growth and development, such as is reflected in Anglo-Saxon England of the time.    Beowulf makes reference to Ingeld and his wife and the coming Heathobard feud:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Read MoreAnglo-Saxon Literature Was Composed Between The Years 6501510 Words   |  7 Pagesand 1110. Beowulf is one of the most famous epics written during this time. It’s also known as the oldest surviving Germanic epic and the longest Old English poem. Most stories written during this time were about the deeds of warriors, heroic acts, and religion. Beowulf is a warrior from the Geats who is asked to come protect king Hrothgar from an attack by a sea monster named Grendel. All of these characters are men. There are very few epics from this time that put any focus on women’s issues. BeowulfRead MoreComparing Beowulf And Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1338 Words   |  6 Pagesstories that make me really love it called â€Å"Beowulfâ €  and â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.† Both of this story illustrated between these women s always try to overcome with all the mission in life and show their responsibility to achieve successfully in life. Thus, the poet shows that the women s role in British literature is a very good central point, they always face with all these conflicts about the protagonist male throughout the poem. Besides that, Beowulf and Sir Gawain always challenge with allRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf By Joseph Campbell1038 Words   |  5 Pagestheir womanhood. This thought by Joseph Campbell is somewhat true in the specific epic of Beowulf. This thought is true because all of the women do complete the role of giving noursishment or giving birth. However Wealhtheow, Hildeburh, and Grendel’s mother also overstep the social roles of women. First and Foremost, Wealhtheow, King Hrothgar’s queen, proves the truth that women have basic non-essential roles in epics, but she also defies it by speaking out against her husband. She is described inRead MoreRole Of Women In Beowulf1039 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the novel Beowulf, women can be looked at as unimportant, but from Campbell’s excerpt one can see how the role of women in Beowulf is as essential as the role of men. Throughout the course of Beowulf, many men take part in acts of protection, bravery, and sacrifice, but what many do not notice is the roles women have taking part in those same actions. Although women’s acts of protection, bravery, and sacrifice in this novel seem to be minor and not as celebrated as the men’s acts, theyRead MoreCompare And Contrast Beowulf And Sir Gawain And The Green Knight761 Words   |  4 PagesAcross Medieval Culture In the literary works Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, an admirable warrior and knight are depicted. Although Sir Gawain and Beowulf both possess such characteristics as bravery and strength, readers can observe differences in other traits that make them heroes of their own time that is attributable to the societal mindset in which the poems were written. The goal of this essay is to compare and contrast how Beowulf, which was written in the early eleventh centuryRead MoreAnalysis Of Beowulf And Modern Days 918 Words   |  4 PagesDaryn Viser Women’s Roles in Beowulf and Modern Days There exists between the Anglo-Saxons and modern days a stereotype about women and their lack of being treated as equals in comparison to men. It is assumed that while the male characters were out battling monsters in return for honor and glory, the women lay at home anxiously pacing back and forth for their husbands to return. Little worth was assumed about them in accordance to man. While nowadays, no one blinks twice when a woman is offeredRead More A Woman’s Duty Essay example681 Words   |  3 Pageshighly prized. Anglo-Saxon women could not fight nor were they expected to. As a result of being left out of the warrior class, women were automatically relegated to the less important roles in society. Despite being second-class citizens, Anglo-Saxon women were able to attain dignity and respect in assuming their roles of wives, mothers, peace-weavers and mistresses of their halls. Anglo-Saxon women spent their whole lives under the protection of their menfolk. As young girls, they lived in theirRead MoreEssay on Ideal Women vs Real Women in Beowulf and The Wife of Bath1486 Words   |  6 Pageschallenges a man belief; and does not symbolize perfect women. In the epic poem Beowulf majority of the characters are males; with the exception of a few females in the poem. When going back to the information of the women in Beowulf; there are some concepts that define women. One is being that women have assertive and firm role. The mother of Grendel is a female character that becomes a threat to the Danes, as well as Beowulf. Then it became clear, Obvious to everyone once the fight was over, ThatRead MoreThe Epic Of Epic Heroes984 Words   |  4 Pagesheroes. Heroes such as Beowulf and Sir Gawain are the starting point which inspired authors to produce superheroes such as Power Girl. Both heroes are created due to some influence, perhaps one that is historical. Historical influences could determine as to whether or not the heroes are epic. One must analyze the character traits and endeavors that Power Girl endures in order to classify her as an epic hero. Epic heroes are presented throughout history, but the author of Beowulf laid the foundation

Correlations Between Population and Pollution - 993 Words

In the last 100 years, population grew in a rapid speed. In a short period, population reached 7 billion. Population growth means growth in consumption, especially in terms of food. Even though the amount of farmlands where we can cultivate is decreasing, the amounts of people eating the foods are increasing. This allows various substitute goods to be produced more than before in order for the increased population to eat. As these goods have to be produced a lot, industry develops. Factories have to develop. Development of factories leads to air pollution. Not only population growth affects the air pollution but also the drift of population does, too. As population grows, the movement of population increases. This leads to increase in goods movement resulting in air pollution. Like this, population growth affects air pollution. In order to solve air pollution, science is applied such as developing renewable energy. Nowadays, there are solar powered cars, heating, etc. These things do n’t emit greenhouse gases. The development of renewable energy will solve the air pollution caused from population growth. NASA scientists performed an experiment to examine how the amount of pollution is influenced by the population density in countries with huge population. They were researching about how burning fossil fuels affect the amount of nitrogen dioxide emmision. â€Å"Air Pollution has direct relationship with population density.† (NASA) The amount of waste created by less population andShow MoreRelatedHow Does Light Intensity Influence The Population Distribution Of Small Shrub Species Such As Chamomile Sunray?1313 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion : How does light intensity influence the population distribution of small shrub species such as Chamomile sunray? 2. Observation: Lichen was noticed to be growing on the Callistenom rugulosus (Scarlet bottlebrushes) which were located near a road, however, they were not noticed to be growing on scarlet bottlebrushes which were located away from the road. Shrub near a road exposed to more air pollution. Question: How does the increase in air pollution near roads influence the abundance of lichenRead MoreThe Development Of The World Population1528 Words   |  7 Pagesthe development of the world population directly depends on the mode of social production, especially the level of development of productive forces. In the history, mankind got the tremendous progress in productivity often with the population rapid develop. In the primitive society, the primitive society s population birth rate and the mortality rate all maintained at about 50% because of the objective law and the social production mode. The number of the population maintain in a state of high birthRead MoreEssay on Harmful Effect of Air Pollution on Pregnancy813 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Air Pollution on Pregnancy Air pollution can be undoubtedly harmful to pregnancy. Substances such as carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, benzene, emissions from solid biomass, and nitroarenes all contribute to air pollution. Studies done in North Carolina, California, and East India all conclude the same thing; air pollutants do affect the health of babies during pregnancy. The most severe affects from these toxins include cancer, short-and-long-term morbidity, and stillbirthRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On Infant Health1468 Words   |  6 Pagesimpact that air pollution has on infant health. The authors used data from New Jersey in the 1990s as the focus case to explore the answer to the question. This question is important because air pollution could have inflicted irreversible changes to the health and well-being of the next generation. The long-term changes to health could have important implications to the future of the world. Xing and Kolstad conducted a study to determine the relationship between the laxitiesRead MoreAssociation between Air Polluiton and Lung Cancer761 Words   |  3 Pagesstudies have found an association between ambient air pollution and lung cancer. This evidence lead the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) to report air pollution as a category 1 or definite cause of cancer. The IARC reviewed over 1000 studies from five continents and covering many different scientific fields. They concluded that air pollution is linked to increased cancer incidence, with lung cancer being the most prevalent (Pope, 2013). Air pollution occurs when the air is contaminatedRead MoreEssay on Relationships between Asthma and Air Pollution1672 Words   |  7 PagesRelationships between Asthma and Air Pollution Professor’s comment: This student’s research paper synthesizes the results of a well-selected group of articles that explore relationships between asthma and air pollution. That laboratory science is at base a social enterprise is nicely exemplified by the focus of the studies she reviews. In drawing from the articles she reviews and in organizing her paper, the student maintains a good balance between discussing air-borne pollutants themselvesRead MoreThe Arctic Circle Lies At The Northernmost Point Of The Earth1687 Words   |  7 Pagesspheres of physical environment afford us the framework in which to compare these two countries and their peoples. First I would like to examine the lithosphere for comparison between Greenland and Finland. The lithosphere is the solid layer of the Earth, otherwise known as the crust. The most notable difference between Finland and Greenland in regards to their lithospheres is that Finland is part of the Baltic Shield and shaped like a summer squash. Whereas Greenland is an island and shaped likeRead MoreSt Mary Spital Analysis1610 Words   |  7 Pagesevaluating the data in a wider context, details were learned about the daily life of Medieval London and the relationship between migrating and living in an urban environment reflects on health. The consistency in the recording of data allowed for minimal variation in results over the observation of the 5387 individuals. The detailed inclusion of data will allow for future comparison between data sets and there is a possibility to evaluate grave goods in conjunction with stable isotope analysis to evaluateRead MoreReview Of Related Literature I nvolving The Robustness Of The Environmental Kuznets Curve1080 Words   |  5 PagesCurve. This economic theory discusses the relationship turning point of environmental degradation with respect to economic growth. The hypothesis was introduced by Grossman and Kreuger who developed a reduced-form approach to embody the linear correlation of economic growth to environmental quality. Further studies have tested and enhanced this theory by tweaking either or both sides of the equation. Environmental degradation and economic growth are represented by subjective indicators which areRead MoreEnvironmental Global Health : A Social Science Point Of View1492 Words   |  6 Pagesinterpersonal, and individual level. â€Å"According to WHO estimates, climate change will cause an additional 250,000 deaths per year between 2030 and 2050†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Skolnik 2016: 100). It is important to have an anthropologist study the effects environmental health from a social science point of view. Anthr opologist have the training to study the consequences of climate change on the population and upon understanding the cause they can implement ways that communities can cope with the environmental changes or change

Marketing communication Free Essays

The brand that is going to be presented to the public is Armani. The marketing tool to be applied is such PR instrument as special event. Special event as a part of PR strategy is usually employed to enhance brand awareness, as well as to strengthen brand loyalty. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Special event is also the best tool to draw attention of mass media and in a very gentle not pushing manner make media mention the event in their news blogs, cover stories or journal articles. The actual event is the presentation of new Armani perfume for women. Considering the fact, that the chosen brand is a luxury one, the event organized should maintain the spirit of luxury, comfort, exquisite taste and sophistication. The name of presentation is â€Å"Armani – you and only!† Since the target audience is women from the upper rank of society, the name should emphasize not just the femininity of each particular woman, but also her status, her so-called â€Å"chosenness†, i.e. the fact that she belongs to the circle of â€Å"chosen† best people. The name is important in PR and marketing communication, as it must reflect the main idea of the event; it should be simple but sound. The objectives of the event are: To create a news precedent; To draw media awareness and interest; To enhance brand awareness; To strengthen customer loyalty. The goals of the event are: To tell about new product entering the market under â€Å"Armani brand† – to show its advantages to target audience; To ensure initial try of the product; To get immediate feedback from target customers; To initiate mentioning the brand in media sources. Target audience of the event: celebrities – mostly women; journalists; market experts; company representatives. Planning process. First of all, it is important to find appropriate premises where the event would be held and appropriately equip and design it. The design must be consistent with the general strategy and creed of the presentation, thus it should emphasize the luxury and style of the brand. The location of the premises must be convenient and easy to find. Otherwise, the guest will not simply be able to present there. Moreover, it is also important to understand that all business and celebrity people are very bust. So, they will not spent their time trying to get to some unknown place. Secondly, it is important to make a list of invited guests. Special attention should be given to media representatives. It is crucial to choose TARGET media, which can be possibly interested in covering the event. Thus, for â€Å"Armani perfume† target media are: lifestyle magazines, journals for women, entertainment TV channels, lifestyle TV channels. It is necessary to take care of invitations and ensure that all the invitations are given to guests. Invitations themselves can present a marketing tool if design appropriately. Thus, it is recommended to use the services of first class design-agencies and polygraphists. No mail or e-mail is admissible to distribute invitations. It is preferable that invitations are handled by specially hired people. It will not only ensure that all our guests get their invitations, but also will emphasize the special status of the event. The third important point is providing for the proper announcement of the event. Both media and marketing support apply. First of all, it is important to launch a small preliminary PR campaign of informational character in order to stipulate the interest for future event. In order to provoke media interest, it is necessary to start acting about two months prior to the event implementing information campaign. This campaign should include: the rumors about future fragrance; short articles in press; commentaries of company’s management that somehow slightly touch the theme of the new perfume; Marketing campaign should be the logical continuation of the PR campaign started. Marketing campaign should be based primarily on advertising. It is preferable to use the following types of advertising: advertising in press – the target media sources that were mentioned above (entertainment; lifestyles; for women); billboards and citilights; Outdoor advertising is not recommended, since we deal with a luxury product, we need to choose adequate advertising carriers. However, it is very important to keep in mind, that it is very easy to cross the line and give too much information during this preliminary campaign. It would be a mistake, since all the essential and important the target audience must get visiting the event. Moreover, using heavy advertising it is possibly to provoke substantial interest of customers so that the latter would inquire about the product (having a desire to purchase it) at the point-of-sales and would be disappointed not be able to buy perfume. Thus, it is crucial to mention at the advertisement something like â€Å"Soon to come† or â€Å"In future in your stores†, just letting target customers know that it is not possible to buy the product right now. Announcing the event Three days prior to the event, it is necessary to write and sent to all target media press-release announcing the event. Press-release is a short description of the upcoming event. The obligatory requisites of press-release are: date of the event, place and time of the event, short description, key participants, the date when the release is written and sent, the contact details for journalists’ accreditation. Press-release not just tells about the upcoming event, but it is also used often by the journalists to prepare their materials afterwards. Moreover, press-releases can be posted in some media and informational agencies, what will ensure additional mentioning of the company or brand in media. Press-release should not be too big. It should short but clear. Press-releases are printed on the company’s brand style paper containing logo of the brand. The actual event At the date of the event it is necessary to make journalists’ accreditation writing: the name, contacts, media represented of the journalists present at the event. Provided with such a list, it is easier to track whether the info about the event was published or not. Another important thing to prepare is special press kit to handle to journalists during the event. The typical press-kit should contain: brief info about the company and the brand presented; agenda of the event; short description of the event (based on press-release); detailed description of the product. Press-kits help journalists to prepare their materials for coverage and increase the chances of the event or the brand to be covered in media. Moreover, press-kits can be also a marketing tool. Special leaflets and small booklets with info about the company and the brand should be in easy distribution, so that all visitors can take out such materials. This will ensure additional soundness of the company and brand. Evaluation The final stage of event organization and media support is preparing and sending-out post-release and monitoring media coverage afterwards. The post-release states in the past tense that the event took place and contains the short description of the event. Post-release are sent to all target media as well. The monitoring phase is quite important, since it enables us to evaluate how effective the organization of the event was. The media monitoring shows: how many articles, comments or other materials appeared in media after the event; what emotional character those materials have –positive, negative, neutral; what type media covered the event – magazines, TV, newspapers etc. In general, the effectiveness of the marketing communication of the special event can be based on: the number of visitors; the comments and materials in press; the width of media coverage; the volume of sales short time after the event. In such a way, special event organization should necessarily be supported by appropriate marketing communication that must contain both PR and advertising support. The essential instruments are press- and post-releases, press-kits and other marketing tools (info leaflets), advertising in press, billboards and citilights. An important post event procedure is media monitoring. References 1.   Applbaum K. (2004) â€Å"The Marketing Era† Routledge, New York 2. Brown S. (2000) â€Å"Imagining Marketing: Art, aesthetics and the avant-garde† Routledge, London 3.Cateora P. (1990)†International Marketing†, 7th ed. Irwin, Homewood, IL 4.Drucker P. (1977) â€Å"People and Performance† Harper College Press, NY 5.Eastman S. (2000) â€Å"Research in Media Promotion† Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ 6. Goleman D.(1997). â€Å"Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More than IQ† Reprint edition, Bantam, NY    How to cite Marketing communication, Essay examples

Shylock Villain or Victim Essay Example For Students

Shylock Villain or Victim Essay In the day of Shakespeares plays going to the theatre to see a play was often a very popular source of entertainment. People would squash into the globe to see the performance, and feel part of the action; cheering and clapping away. Also when they felt anger, it was seen as ok, to throw mouldy fruit or vegetables at the stage in disgust at the action taking place. The Merchant of Venice was 1st performed at the globe all those years ago and is still being performed today. The Merchant of Venice is set in Venice/Belmont, Italy. It would have been set there as not to offend the audience because I dont think any of the spectators at the time would be from Venice. There for it isnt possible for some of the actions in the play to upset or offend the culture of Italy at the time. Also being in Venice it cannot offend the legal system close to home. There are many themes and issues to the play such as friendship, marriage and relations (especially ones between father and daughter. I. e. -Jessica and Shylock). Also religion, law, discrimination and prejudice, control and power and the position of women are key themes in the play. While the play was 1st being performed the women were not allowed to act, so men had to wear womens clothes, and pretend to be women. This sort of shows how women were treated then; unfairly in comparison to the men. But the main, central debate is still about Shylock and weather he is a villain or victim. Dustin Hoffman wrote: is he tragic or is he comic? And of course hes both. Hes one of the most complex human beings Shakespeare wrote. And hes very much correct, he plays the part of two characters, but a lot of people do think that he is one or the other. And by looking at evidence you can see him being one of the two. Some people believe that Shylock is blood thirsty, were as some believe hes a godly and clean living character. In Act 1, Scene 3 we are introduced to Shylock, this is the 1st time in the play, were we can start to get an idea of weather Shylock is a villain or a victim. The 1st sign of him being a villain it the very first line he says. This shows what he is thinking about most. He says 3000 ducats well. By saying this he is showing that the only thing on his mind is making money, and that he is obsessed with it. It is in this scene that Bassanio seeks Shylock out and asks to borrow money from him in Antonios name. Also in this scene do we learn of Shylocks hatred for Antonio and the Christians:How like a fawning publican he looks! / I hate him for he is a Christian. Another sign of villainy is the use of repetition, Shylock does use a lot, and he says it in this scene- ho, no, no, no, no. Another sign of villainy is the thought of revenge, and he blatantly says him self, he is mainly in this bond for the revenge when he says he has an ancient grudge against Antonio. It seems a though he is agreeing to the bond, expecting Antonio to be unable to pay, and to see him dead, and the Christians unhappy. Perhaps he receives the terms of the bond in this manner because he is confident that he will be able to repay the bond. Shylock feels justified in exacting revenge upon Antonio because he blames him for all his problems and is bitter about the manner in which Antonio has treated him in the past. He is also resentful of the ridicule and torment of his race by the Christians. Through the bond he feels he will be able to avenge the treatment of his religion I think if Shylock thought Antonio would be able to pay him back, he would have not gone through with the deal. He is seeking revenge for all the poor treatment he has received from them. He also shows how much he feels he needs to be in control, another sign of villainy. When he says Antonio shall become bound well He wants to be in control of the situation, and for it all to come through. Also he says how much he hates the Christians, proving my point, saying he wants them dead. We also see Shylock as a manipulative type of character when he calls the bond a merry sport, which isnt usual for a life threatening deal. You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog, and spit upon my Jewish gabardine This line by Shylock on Antonio and Bassanio, is heavily implying that they are racist towards the Jews. We can see this appears in later scenes, in act 2 scene 8 Salarino and Salanio refer to Shylock as the, Dog Jew. And of course in those days (or indeed now) it would be seen as such a high insult to be called a dog. But he later brings this back on the Christians where he says Thou calldst me a dog, before thou had a cause/but since I am a dog beware my fangs He is saying that seeing as they called him a dog before, he know has the right to act like one, and he joke saying Beware my fangs because he intends to have Christians dead. But as well as seeing Shylock being a villainous character, we also see him become a character who is a bullied victim. For instance, he says to Antonio how he has been insulted all his life- many a time and oft in the Rialto you have rated me. He would be thinking here why should he do a favour for someone who has insulted him all his life, and judged him also. And also he has been spat upon- And spat upon my Jewish gabardine He there makes him self very hurt and damaged. Which you could imagine he is. Also he actually offers Antonio his friend ship (Although whether he meant it or was again being manipulative is debateable). But never the less he does say to Antonio- I would be friends with you. Shylock also says how he is victimised- (definite sign of being a victim. )- I am as like to call thee so again/to spit on thee again, to spurn thee too. I think that in this scene Shylock is immediately shown as a villain, but as you get to know him, you see that it is because he has been victimised before. In Act 3, Scene 1 Shylock is feeling a lot of emotional distress as he has recently heard of his daughter running away. Not only did she run away, but also she left with Shylocks Jewels. An inspector calls essayWe see that near the start of the play Portia says: I can easier teach twenty what were good to be done, than be one of the twenty to follow mine own teaching. She is saying it is hard to practise what you preach, yet this seems to be very hypocritical at this stage because she has gone against her earlier emotions of having justice and mercy. Also we can see again this links back to earlier where she was wanting mercy because she wanted women to be equal to men, if she really believed in this she would treat Jews and Christians the same. Shylock is again viciously attacked by Gratiano once more, which is a big sign of racism. Again in this scene I would say he is mostly playing the part of the victim. In this scene there is a big presence of friendship from Bassanio to Antonio when he says: The Jew shalt have my flesh, blood, bones, and all/ere shalt lose for me one drop of blood, he is saying that he will take the pain for Antonio if he wanted, because to see his best friend die, would be enough pain. I think that Portia knew all the way along about the loophole in the law, and I think she was leading Shylock on to say things he didnt mean, like how he would only accept his bond, no money or anything, later on, he would wish he didnt say that because he indeed ends up loosing all his money and everything which is precious to him, including his right to stay with his own religion. Gratiano also mocks Shylock about his earlier speech were he says: O upright judge! Mark, Jew, O learned Judge. Shylock spoke similarly to this when he said O noble judge! O excellent young man! This was indeed only false hopes, as the discrimination to Jews really showed through from the judge and all Shylock had were very much false hopes. Although it seems as though it is mostly pay back, which seems unfair, as Shylock was the one who deserved revenge. As well as these 3 major scenes, there are other smaller parts where we can see if Shylock is villain or a victim. Such as in Act 2 Scene 2 we can see the Christians being racist which is a sign that they would later do it again. They were being racist to one of there servants called Lancelot. They said to him: For I am a Jew If I serve the Jew any longer. Also we see that in Act 5 Shylock is not there, this meaning that he cannot be the hero of the play, because the hero must be in the last scene, if he is indeed to be a hero. Although he is mentioned, and thought about. Another way, in which Shylock is established as a villain, is through his treatment of Jessica. It is in Act 2 Scene 5 that we first witness an interaction between Shylock and Jessica. During this he orders her about as if she were a servant and mentions nothing about her well being, only instructs her to look after the well being of his house: Hear you me, Jessica: / Lock up my doors: and when you hear the drum Nor thrust your head into the public street But stop my houses ears Let not the sound of shallow foppery enter / my sober house. We can see in Act 2 Scene 8 Saleranio and Solanio are constant tormentors of Shylock and mock him at every opportunity: I never heard a passion so confused, / So strange, outrageous, and so variable, / As the dog Jew did utter in the streets in the streets: / My daughter! O my ducats! O my daughter! Shylock used the words O my ducats! O my daughter earlier in the play, and they are bringing it up again, and using it to tease and mock Shylock. This is probably because Shylock was having trouble deciding on what he cared more for, and which he wanted back, which is ironic, because at the end, he had neither of those two and he also lost his right to believe in his own religion. I think that in conclusion Shylock is over all a victim. He is a Jew, and he suffers persecution from the Christians. For this he becomes bitter and resentful oh the Christians and sought to use his financial strength to damage Antonio and Bassanio (and the Christians in general). As Sir Peter Hay quite rightly says: He becomes that which he most abhors. Hes torn to shreds emotionally by the society around him. He becomes the very thing thats reduced him, thats taken his humanity away. Shylock can be seen as being all too nai ve, but a human character, on a strict religion who ends up being humiliated. It is clearly seen that in that day and age, Jews were not at all tolerated. I think because of the poor treatment that Shylock had received over the years, and I think that loosing his daughter was the final injustice. At the time of loosing his daughter and the jewels I think he would have probably said things which he didnt actually mean, sort of in the heat of the moment. Those made him seem more villainous than he perhaps was. In the end Shylock did have a right to a pound of Antonios flesh, but seeing as the court was being run by Christians it was very much an unfair trial, he was mocked, and victimised. At the time I dont think Shylock would get much or any sympathy from the audience at all, seeing as the audience would be mostly filled with Christians. After the trial Shylock was even forced to denounce his religion and was fortunate to not loose all of his belongings. Although Shylock was not in the final scene (Which the hero of a play normally is), but I think that his presence was felt. I think that all the way through Shylock was victimised and bullied, which may have made him say/do things which made him look villainous. Its also a good idea to work out Shakespeares views on the Jewish. I think that he is aware of the racist attitudes, and by writing this play he wants to express his views. If he was a straight forward racist he wouldnt have been given Shylock his great speeches which show how hurt and victimised he was. But he has conformed to society because shylock is still heavily persecuted. But over all I believe Shylock was a victim.