Developmental Psychology and Age Range

Criteria Grading Criteria Guidance E1 Describe the development of children in a selected age range and in TWO (2) Choose ONE (1) age range and TWO (2) areas of development. Describe how areas of development children usually develop in this age range. E2 Describe the development of children in a selected age range, different Choose a different age range and describe how children usually develop in from E1 and in TWO (2) areas of development this age range in the same TWO (2) chosen areas of development as in E1.E3 Explain TWO (2) theoretical perspectives relevant to the areas of Show how TWO (2) different theoretical perspectives link to the chosen areas development of development described in E1 and E2. E4 Include THREE (3) observations as appendices Carry out THREE (3) observations of the same child in ONE (1) of the age ranges chosen for E1 or E2. If, eg the chosen area of development is physical development, the 3 observations could be on fine motor skills, gross motor skills, bal ance and co-ordination.If communication and language development is chosen, the 3 observations could be on listening, speaking and reading and writing. Include these observations in an appendix to the assignment. E5 Identify and use THREE (3) different observation techniques Name and use THREE (3) different observation techniques for the observations in E4, eg Written narrative, free description, checklist etc. E6 Explain how to maintain confidentiality throughout the observation Give clear details about how to keep the identity of the child, the setting and the information gathered by the observations confidential.E7 Show an understanding of diversity and inclusive practice A clear understanding of diversity and inclusive practice should be shown. Evidence should be included within the assignment to show that you recognise and value difference and plan to meet the individual needs of children and their families. E8 Include references and a bibliography At least TWO (2) references m ust be made in the text to relevant books, articles, magazines or websites. These are sources of information and the sources used should be listed at the end of the assignment in a bibliography.Sources of background reading can also be included in the bibliography. For more information, see Finding the Level. Criteria Grading Criteria Guidance D1 Discuss the child's needs in relation to the selected area of development Use the observations in E4 to identify the individual needs of the observed child in that chosen area of development. When identifying needs, consider developmental norms, the age/stage of the child, the individual circumstances, eg The observations show that Child X is not yet confident about climbing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. This may be because†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.D2 Explain how the observations can be used to support planning to meet the Using the observations in E4, give examples of ways the observations provide child's needs information and evidence to support planning. This may include: evaluation of evidence, making individual, short term and long term plans, identifying a child's preferences, partnership with parents, and practical ideas for activities to promote development, eg a visit to the park would provide lots of space for Child X to run, climb and use the equipment which would help her to develop gross motor skills and confidence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.C1 Analyse the issues which are essential to confidentiality and objective A development of E6. A detailed consideration of confidentiality and objective observation observation. This may include such issues as: sharing information, safe storage of information, working with parents, legal requirements, policies and procedures, personal attitudes and values†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. B1 Reflect on the implications for practice of the assessment of children Think about how assessment of children through observation may require the through observation practitioner to consider their practice.Your response may include: iss ues of reliability and validity, appropriate observation techniques, implications for planning, legal requirements and working with parents and other professionals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. A Evaluate the influence of theoretical perspectives on aspects of practice Make a detailed consideration from more than one perspective of some of the which affect the development of children principal theories in relation to child development and show clear understanding of how these have informed and influenced current practice which affects the development of children.

Jewish resistance through music during the holocaust Essay

The Holocaust refers to the grim period of human history when about six million Jews and millions of other groups such as Soviets, Romani, and Poles in Europe were murdered systematically by Nazi Germans. The genocide was Germany’s â€Å"final solution† to the Jewish question which is what to do with the race of people who supposedly caused all the ills of Germany. Men, women, children, and the elderly were murdered using gas chambers in extermination camps in Auschwitz and other places. Jews however, did not easily succumb to the force upon them. They resisted through various ways, such as extermination camp breakouts and art. Jewish music stands out among all forms of resistance against the inhuman brutality of Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. Music served two main purposes for Jews during the time of mass exterminations. On the one hand, Jewish songs in the ghettos and elsewhere expressed their anguish and agony. Words were simply not enough to describe the pain, fear and darkness all around them. On the other hand though, music also uplifted the spirits of Jews. When the Nazis were trying to take away their humanity, the Jews affirmed it through optimistic music. In a way, music became life itself for Jews and other oppressed groups. Like other forms of art, music has the ability to evoke images and feelings in the listeners’ minds. For this reason, music was a convenient way to express the shared sentiments of Jews being murdered. Much of Jewish music ran counter to Nazi culture as Nazis viewed many modern forms of art, including jazz, as degenerate. Nazis forced Jews in concentration camps to make music for them, even commanding them to form orchestras for their entertainment. Jews continued to make music in the ghettos, however. They held concerts, staged operas, and performed many musical works to express their resistance against the Nazis and the sadness of their fate. During the German occupation, the music that surrounded Jews was not restricted to Wagnerian types which influenced Adolf Hitler. Nazis were quick to suppress classical works by Mahler and Mendelssohn because they were Jewish. In 1933, when Nazis started to take power, the Reich Music Office dismissed professional musicians of Jewish origins. John Felstiner, professor of Jewish studies and English at Stanford University, considers Jewish music at the time of the Holocaust as a type of resistance even though it is not done â€Å"physically,† such as ghetto uprisings. Jews performed and appreciated their own music at their lives risk’. Felstiner felt that the music that emerged was consequently free and seemed to have a different feel than poems and diary entries. Different kinds of music resulted from the dangerous situations Jews produced these forms of art. Examples of these are Handel’s â€Å"Judas Maccabeus,† Verdi’s â€Å"Requiem,† bitter songs in the ghettos, and humorous satires composed of old tunes and new lyrics. A friend of his in Auschwitz composed a song with her friends in Hungrian set to the tune of Hatikvah, Israel’s national anthem. Felstiner thought that the song sustained his friend during her stay in the concentration camp. The Gestapo, the secret police of Nazi Germany, turned Terezin, a town in the Czech Republic, into a ghetto for Jews coming from Czechoslovakia, Germany, Denmark, Austria, and the Netherlands. While the place wasn’t an extermination camp, thousands of Jews still died there because of appalling conditions. During this period, a Czech Jewish composer by the name of Gideon Klein intensified his activity when he was sent to the town. He ran numerous classes for children, organized and performed concerts, and composed music Jewish music. According to Felstiner, one of Klein’s listeners remembered him playing so beautifully that they couldn’t help but let tears stream down their cheeks. At another event, Klein organized a very simple attic concert with three chairs for the string trio. Despite the simplicity of the concert however, the audience was very still while listening to the music. People guarded the steps into the attic and someone kept lookout from the window. Klein’s listener described these musical performances as â€Å"spiritual nourishment† and thought they made them forget their misery and hunger and long for more performances. For Klein and other artists however, concerts like this are an act of rebellion against the Nazi Germans. Gideon Klein was very influential to ghetto residents during his stay in Terezin. As evidence, a teenager wrote a striking poem about him entitled â€Å"Concert in the Old School Garret† depicting his ardent desire to express resistance through his music. Klein’s wonderful largo was formed through the variations of his favorite Moravian folk song her nanny sang to him when he was young. He was not able to perform the song himself in Terezin however, although the score survived. Nine days after he composed the song in September 1944, he was sent to the concentration camp at Auschwitz. According to drawings of Charlotte Buresova and Petr Kien, visual artists at Terezin during the same period of time, Klein’s face showed clear resistance against the brutal Final Solution of Nazis. Holocaust songs are different from ordinary forms of communication produced during the period because they elevated speech to transcendent levels. Songs written and sang by Jews contained the culture that defined their oppressed communities. Human values can be expressed in the abstract through music. Thus, in an inhuman environment such as the Nazi Germans constructed for Jews and other oppressed groups, singing their own songs was equivalent to crying for recognition as fellow human beings. Songs have a humanizing effect on singers and listeners. Survivors of the Holocaust consider this effect the essential value of singing Jewish songs. Singing at this time was therefore an act of creation and was very important amidst the horrible conditions of ghetto life. Jews asserted their freedom and human life by singing their own songs in the ghetto, which clearly makes the activity an act of resistance against the systematic dehumanization of their race by the oppressors. Ghetto songs symbolized the struggle for survival of Jews. They were the musical representations of life surviving under the harshest of conditions, and not death. For survivors of the mass exterminations and forced labor, Jewish music was beyond ordinary language. It represented the only truth of their life in the ghettos and told the story of their long and hard spiritual resistance. Nazis though, was also aware of the power of music in defining what’s culturally right or reasonable. As soon as the Nazis took power, they limited the activity of Jewish musicians and aired their propaganda through their own songs. Music was used to establish an atmosphere which permitted mass murder since it was seen as a patriotic duty and its victims were subhuman. Nazi music proliferated the streets and the radio waves and even made its way into concentration camps. Initially during the Holocaust, at the arrival depots for captured Jews, they were questioned regarding their musical abilities. People were sorted out into those who could sing or play music and those who couldn’t. Those who could were commanded to perform propaganda music for Nazis before they were sent away to be gassed, incinerated, or tortured. At Auschwitz, the largest extermination camp in history, an all-female orchestra was formed for the entertainment of Nazis. Members of the orchestra were constantly replaced because the women regularly died of starvation, disease or were murdered. At Terezin, before Nazis completely sent the ghetto residents to the extermination camps, Jews continued to produce their music for the people. Ordinary people and artists defied the regime by singing their songs and make their music. They also gathered strength to live for another day by immersing themselves in the operas and concerts that organizers arranged. Josef Bor, a Czechoslovakian Jew, who was imprisoned with his family at Terezin remembered how his fellow Jews proudly sang to their deaths in the face of Nazis. In a concentration camp, inmates sang Verdi’s â€Å"Requiem† passionately in front of SS troops and Adolf Eichmann, the supposed architect of the Holocaust. Eichmann was amused by the performance of the Jews, but the inmates themselves were beyond Eichmann’s twisted humor. According to Bor, the inmates found liberation from exhaustion, terror, and provocation through the power of music. At their performance, the inmates sang with all their strength the words â€Å"Free me, God, from eternal death† in the faces of their murderers. Many musical works have been recovered since the end of World War II. Scores from musicians such as Gideon Klein, Pavel Haar, Hans Krasa, and Viktor Ullman were discovered by researchers. These musicians had notable musical careers even before the Nazis took power and they continued to make music later to express resistance. Ullman was a pupil of Arnold Schoenberg, the famous Austrian composer. Two operas are particularly significant in defining this period of time: â€Å"Brundibar† by Hans Krasa and Adolf Hoffmeister and â€Å"Der Kaiser von Atlantis, oder Tod dank tab† (The emperor of Atlantis or death abdicates) by Ullman and Peter Kien. All of these talented musicians perished in the extermination camp at Auschwitz in 1944. Their works have since been performed in Israel, the United States, England, Czechoslovakia, and Holland. Other vocal and instrumental selections were also gathered from manuscripts found at the camp in Terezin, many of them written anonymously. Holocaust memorials and Israeli libraries have many of these creations, especially of notable of musicians such as Ilse Weber. Weber was an educator and singer who composed and sang songs to children while she was at Terezin. Unfortunately, Weber along with other Jews, were also transported to Auschwitz and gassed. Today, Holocaust commemorations usually include music produced depicting the struggle for survival of Jews at the time. Examples of this type of music is Max Bruch’s â€Å"Kol Nidre,† an interpretation of a Jewish prayer that opens evening services on Yom Kippur, and Leonard Bernstein’s â€Å"Kaddish† an interpretation of the Jewish prayer for the dead. Other pieces worth considering are Steve Reich’s music in â€Å"Different Trains,† Henryk Gorecki’s â€Å"Third Symphony,† Dmitry Shostakovich’s â€Å"Thirteenth Symphony,† and Arnold Schoenberg’s â€Å"A Survivor from Warsaw. † Music, the universal language of human beings, is indeed a powerful tool of resistance. Through its ability to express the humanity of performers, singers, and listeners, Jews made use of music to highlight the inhuman Nazi force that oppressed them. As long as they could make their own music which reflected their culture, suffering, and hopes, Jews refused to be the subhuman creatures which their oppressors wanted them to be. While music will never be a physical form of resistance against unjust forces in society, its unique power to condition the minds of people will always be as potent as ever. Music contains the truth of the lives people live and is therefore a slap on the face of forces that seek to erase people’s humanity. BIBLIOGRAPHY Berger, Ronald J. Fathoming the Holocaust: a social problems approach. Piscataway: Aldine Transaction, 2002. Flam, Gila. Singing for Survival: Songs of the Lodz Ghetto, 1940-45. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1992. Gilbert, Shirli. Music in the Holocaust: Confronting Life in the Nazi Ghettos and Camps. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Heskes, Irene. Passport to Jewish music: its history, traditions, and culture. Abingdon: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1994. Roth, John K. Holocaust Politics. Dallas: Westminster John Knox Press, 2001. Rubenstein, Richard L. and John K. Roth, Approaches to Auschwitz: the Holocaust and its legacy. Dallas: Westminster John Knox Press, 2003. Signer, Michael Alan. Humanity at the limit: the impact of the Holocaust experience on Jews and Christians. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000.

Is playtime valuable in the primary school Essay - 2

Is playtime valuable in the primary school - Essay Example s the most important part of school for us and we all have observed the regular noisy and slightly chaotic school playground, we know for sure that children do not utilize that time to improve their physical strength. But the fact of the matter is that by regularly exercising their bodies they are indeed doing the very same thing. Research has suggested that overweight and obese children are often socially withdrawn and display aggressive–disruptive behavior (PPSG, 2005). And it has also been shown that children who have little or no physical activity during preschool up till primary schooling are prone to obesity and hence carry a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Children who tend to be more active during their early years usually go on to have a higher proportion of muscle mass as compared to reclusive children who do not indulge in physical activity during playtime. One point to be noted here is that restricted movement in playtime also reduces the positive effect that playtime has in this aspect. Playtimes should therefore offer children an important opportunity to increase their daily physical activity through â€Å"unstructured physical activity during playtimes† (WHO 2007) The benefits of playtime are not only restricted to physical well being. Various studies have shown that playtime has positive effect on building the social skills of children. Children are mostly free from prejudices and hence they do not usually judge the other person based on their background and ethnicity if it has not been instilled in them by their elders. Hence children from different backgrounds mingle in the playground. Their â€Å"play† is seen as a social act much the same as people going out for dinner or grabbing a drink together (Smith, 2010). Children from ethnic backgrounds and children with disabilities benefit from free play at playtime in terms of social development and inclusion. It has also been seen that children benefit from physical playtime activity in

GLOBAL CHALLENGES FOR BUSINESS, MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP Essay - 2

GLOBAL CHALLENGES FOR BUSINESS, MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP - Essay Example On the other hand management can also refer to the person or to different people who perform the various acts of management. There are a number of approaches to management but the competitive values framework is the framework which comprehensively covers a number of management approaches. The Competing Values Framework for various cultural assessments was developed and well defined by Quinn and Rorbaugh in 1983 from the analysis of Campbell's longer list of efficiency as well as effectiveness dimensions into two major dimensional patterns. The horizontal dimension basically defines the degree to which any organization generally focuses inwards as well as outwards. Towards left, attention is basically inwards, within the organization, in order to know what is happening in the organization. An internal focus is valid as well as an important source in any environment where the competition or the customer focus is not the main thing and it is also not the most important thing, but on the other hand in the competitive climates or where the external stakeholders hold sway, then this kind of challenge must met directly and effectively. Vertical: Stability or Flexibility The vertical axis basically determines that who actually makes decisions. At the lower end, control is also with the management whilst at the upper most end; it is also devolved to those employees who have been directly empowered in order to decide for themselves and for their organization or for their company. Stability is a valid form and source whenever the business is stable and the degree of reliability and efficiency is at the peak level, but when the environmental forces or the factors develop a need in order to have a change, then at that particular time flexibility becomes much more important. (Boddy, 2001, pp. 200-226) The Competing Values Map The four hierarchies as mentioned in the above diagram are to some extent historical in their respective development and are also presented in this order which is mentioned below. Hierarchy The hierarchy has basically a traditional approach towards the structure and control that generally flows from a strict chain of various command as mentioned in the Max Weber's view of the bureaucracy. For numerous years, this was also considered as the only effective and an efficient way in order to organize and is still considered as a basic element for many organizations. Hierarchies have full respect for the power as well as for the position. They also have well-defined processes, policies and well maintained procedures. Market The Market oriented organization also seeks to control but they do so by looking outward, and by taking notes of the transaction cost. Market organization is not the one which always focus just on the marketing level, they also keep this in mind that what are the main and the basic transactions, where are all these transactions, whether internal and the external

Corporate finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Corporate finance - Essay Example That means it is the theory between the shareholders & the company managers. This term includes the expense of solving the potential conflicts between the two relevant groups. According to this theory, because of incomplete information & uncertainty, two types of problem can arise. Such as- A potential agency problem arises whenever the manager of a firm owns less than 100% of the firm’s common stocks. However, if the owner-manager incorporates & then sells some of the stocks to the outsiders, a potential conflict of interests immediately arises. In most large listed companies, potential conflicts of interests are important, as those firm’s managers generally own only a small percentage of the stocks. In this situation, shareholder wealth maximization could take a back seat to any number of conflicting managerial goals. In addition to the conflict between stockholders & managers, there can also be conflicts between creditors & stockholders. Creditors have a claim on the part of the firm’s earning stream of payment of interest & principle on the debt, & they have a claim on the firm’s assets in the event of bankruptcy. Stockholders have a control of decisions that affect the profitability & risk of the firm. Creditors lend the firm on the base of – 1) Capital Structure: A firm’s capital structure is that mix of debt & equity that maximizes the stock price. At any point of time, management has a specific target capital structure. Capital structure policy involves a trade-off between risk & return:- Financial flexibility or the ability to raise capital on reasonable terms under adverse conditions. The greater the probable future need for capital, & the worse the consequences of the capital shortage, the stronger the balance sheet should be. Managerial conservatism or aggressiveness that refers some managers are more aggressive than others, hence some firms are more inclined

Strategic Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Strategic Management Accounting - Essay Example Current Situation Electronic Boards plc is electrical engineering company and it has been in the business since 1970’s. Company has almost 200 employees and it has been profitable over the last several years. Since establishment to 1985 company has been conducting operations without maintaining true accountancy systems. However, financial crisis has hit the company and it recorded a loss of ?1.7 million. This loss also had an impact the liquidity position of the company. The company’s management director Jack Watson has recently decided to develop the management accounting system for the firm to keep the track record of entire operations and to make sure that the company is able to understand how different products are performing. This report will analyze and outline the main factors that the company needs to consider in establishing a useful management accounting function within the company. ... Investing In Different Projects It has been found that the company directly purchases new technology or equipment in order to improve the productivity without analyzing the cost and benefit ratio of the investment. Therefore after establishing accounting system, the management would be able to make decisions by analyzing the cost and return of the investment and thus it can be helpful in increasing the profitability as only profitable investment will be accepted and others will be rejected (Jaffe, 2007). Moreover, it will be helpful in reducing the interest charges and high bank charges as the company will not be investing in every other technology that comes up. Identifying Areas Of Improvements As the company will have proper management accounting system, so with this the company will be able to identify areas where it can reduce costs and thus it can be helpful in increasing profitability. CONCLUSION Management accountings system, once developed, will provide more insight about th e current status of business and would enhance its capacity to ability to develop and enhance its capacity to compete and forecast its future needs. Moreover, the company would be able to improve its profitability and at the same time manage situations like recession in a better way. References Jaffe, J. (2007). Corporate Finance, Pashupati Printers Pvt Ltd: Delhi. Keown, A., Martin, J., & Petty, J. (2011). Foundations of finance (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Prentice Hall. Johnson, G., & Scholes, K. (2001). Exploring Corporate Strategy: Text and Cases. 6edition, Prentice-Hall:

Causes Won, Lost, and Forgotten Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Causes Won, Lost, and Forgotten - Essay Example In Causes, we find how visual representation may – knowingly or unknowingly – color our understanding of past events, and discover the many ways this has occurred in the specific history of the Civil War in the United States (US). Gallagher employs a lucid framework of analysis: he identifies four major â€Å"interpretive traditions† that find their way on screens and canvases, namely the Lost Cause, the Union Cause, the Emancipation Cause, and the Reconciliation Cause traditions (2008, p. 2). The Lost Cause regards the Southern secessionist call as a nation building movement of valor against insurmountable odds, with scant attention to slavery. The Union Cause portrays the North’s unflinching commitment to both retaining a united American nation in the face of Southern secessionism and preserving democracy. The Emancipation Cause deals squarely with the issue of black Americans’ liberation, and the Reconciliation Cause attempts to emphasize the uniquely American values that both sides stood for, even though they sought different ends (Gallagher, 2008, p. 2). As the author maintains, though each of these have remained distinct interpretive scales of judgment, they have experiences a fair degree of overlap. But, Gallagher is careful to determine the remit of Causes’ scope at the onset and says that he â€Å"make[s] no claim to offer a history of the Civil War in American film,† (2008, p. 9) and reaffirms that his analysis does not stretch to the television. He says: â€Å"Whether intentionally or not, films [and artwork] convey elements of the four interpretive traditions, and how well each of the quartet has fared sheds light on their comparative vitality† (Gallagher, 2008, p. 10). In Causes, Gallagher identifies the emergence of two key themes: firstly, he finds that the Lost Cause tradition has gradually done worse in films since the days of Gone

STATISTICAL COURSEWORK Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

STATISTICAL - Coursework Example The group Motility assay for control has the highest SD value with 0.71 and the group Motility assay: After incubation for 48h at 37oC has the lowest SD value with 0.37. From the above ANOVA table, it is found that the F value of 16.038 is highly significant (with probability 0.000). Hence it is concluded that the means of the three assay groups differ significantly. The individual comparison is given in the following table. The mean difference between the groups Motility assay: After incubation for 48h at 37oC and the group Motility assay for control organism is not significant. Hence the groups Motility assay: After incubation for 48h at 37oC and the group Motility assay for control do not differ significantly. But the group Motility assay: After incubation for 24h at 37oC is having significant difference in mean with both the groups Motility assay: After incubation for 48h at 37oC and Motility assay for control organism. Hence among all groups, the group Motility assay: After incubation for 48h at 37oC has the highest

The Use of Shocking and Stricking Visual Effects Essay Example for Free

The Use of Shocking and Stricking Visual Effects Essay Early seventeenth century plays often make striking use of visual effects to shock the audience. Explain the ways Ford creates striking or shocking dramatic effects in Tis Pity Shes a Whore. Plays of the seventeenth century are notoriously known for being rife with gory representations and some critics have gone as far as to suggest that Ford is a prime example of the glorification of violence and sex on the stage. However, this stylistic use and representation was not unwanted by his audience seventeenth century theatre goers of that age expected shocking scenes with the purchase of a ticket. This very apparent made it necessary for Ford to sometimes over dramatise or make more bounteous his shocking and striking scenes John Ford, many would argue, went just that one step further. Undeniably, one of the most shocking moments that Ford creates is seen fairly near to the beginning of the play in an exchange between Giovanni and Annabella. The plays main plot revolves around the two siblings and their growing love for one another, and we see this love addressed and first reciprocated in Act I, Sc 2. Giovanni is first to admit his love, offering Annabella a dagger to strike him with if she does not requite this love. This moment is extremely dramatic and shocking to the audience, as Giovannis desperate nature if revealed here; Ford establishes both his character and his characters intentions very forcefully. Later in the scene, the two kneel together, making a commitment to one another. They both say the exact same thing, except brother is changed to sister where applicable. Ford here creates a dichotomy for his audience; without our prior knowledge, this scene is strikingly beautiful, but we as an audience as ultimately repelled and shocked by their declaration of love upon our mothers dust. Ford uses the proxemics of Annabella and Giovanni as a method of shocking the audience. The kneeling suggests a greater commitment, almost a spiritual marriage between the two or giving oneself up to the other. Giovanni follows suit by kneeling by Annabella. This not only creates an effect use of the stage, but also a differentiation between normality, but a consistency and uniformity between the two. The shocking element of this scene is aided by the repetition of speech and the language used; they both start and finish addressing each other as their siblings. This reinforces the wrongness the repulsion, unsettling feeling toward the shocking situation. They also swear on their dead mother, creating more family ties and emphasising the severity of their actions, or the actions they would be willing to carry out. The two then declare, love me, or kill me; this again shows the severity of passion between the two. It is interesting to note that this proclamation of love is the only one found throughout the play that is true, deep and meaningful. In retrospect, Fords creation and portrayal of an incestuous relationship as the only one that is right throughout the play, shocks the audience and forces them to make judgements between what they believe are right and wrong.

Parenting styles Essay Example for Free

Parenting styles Essay 1.What are the different parenting styles used by families? Which do you think is better? Why? The three different parenting styles used by familes are authoritarian style, permissive style and democratic style. In my opinion, the better style of the three is the democratic style. Reason being, I believe kids should be disciplined and learn how to behave in a controlled environment for the future, but I also believe children should have their voices heard. I also believe that kids should make their own decisions in life because they wont have their parents their whole lives and need to learn how to live and make decisions on their own. The democratic style of parenting allows this to come into play. It is stern with the rules, but allows freedom for the children to make their own life choices, within reason. 2.What makes a person ready for parenthood? When should an individual consider entering parenthood? Who should postpone parenthood? Should everyone become a parent eventually? Do you think some people should not become parents altogether. A person whos ready for parenthood is one who has a stable job and income. One who can support the financial and emotional needs of a child and one who is ready to take on the responsibility of a life. An individual should consider taking on the task once they have a stable income, job and can provide for the child. One should also consider becoming a parent when he/she feels it is the correct time to do so. One should postpone parenthood if they feel as if they cannot be there 100% for their child. If they cannot financially support themselves, then they should not take on the responsibilities of caring for another life, especially one who cannot care for themselves. I don’t believe everyone should become a parent eventually. If you are not the caring and nurturing type of person and would not be  content with caring for another life, I do no think it would be a good idea to have a child. Some people are just not cut out for parenthood. Becoming a parent takes a lot of sacrifice. Whether it may be holding off on climbing the ladder of success or taking personal time away, parents are always sacrificing themselves for their children. If one is not ready for that type of commitment, then they should not enter the world of parenthood.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Adopting the Euro

Advantages and Disadvantages of Adopting the Euro A Study of the Benefits and Costs which Might Result for UK-based Firms Should the UK Adopt the Euro Name: Louise Tibagalika Introduction The euro is the single currency established in 1999, currently shared by 18 countries of the European Union’s Member States (Ec.europa.eu, 2014). Due to the number of advantages such as the stimulation of trade and disadvantages such as economic instability, the decision for the UK to adopt the euro is a big economic and political debate at present which will affect businesses and the public in many ways. The following report will look at the advantages and disadvantages for businesses and answer the question as to whether the UK government should proceed with the decision. Objectives Assess the benefits of the UK adopting the EURO Assess the drawbacks associated with the UK adopting the EURO How businesses can utilise these benefits and survive in the international market Look at the political, economic, social and environmental factors Provide workplace and personal experience Methodology In order to achieve the goals identified above, a variety of different sources have to be explored. The core text; International business by Wall, S., Minocha, S. and Rees, B. and Macroeconomics By Edward Gamber and David C Colander are good places to start as they give a good background on international business and the different factors that effect businesses looking to expand on an international level. To fully assess and answer the posed question the following sources will be useful; Adopting the Euro in Central Europe, Challenges of the Next Step in European Integration: Occasional Paper. 234 (IMFs Occasional Papers) by Susan Schadler; Britain and the European Union Frequently Asked Questions By Stuart Notholt; Britain, the Euro and Beyond by Baimbridge and Whyman European Economic and Monetary Integration, and the Optimum Currency Area Theory by Mongelli, F. P. These sources give good background on the problem and also give different opinions as to the pros and cons associated with adopting the euro. They also provide links to various other sources and explain why this has been an on-going debate for the UK since the European Union formed. As the debate about the UK adopting the euro is consistently in the news and is a much talked about issue due to the economic and political implications, there will be a number of web based sources that will be explored such as; Ec.europa.eu 2014; The euro European Commission S-cool.co.uk. 2014: A-level Economics The Euro Revision Should the UK Join the Single Currency? News.bbc.co.uk. 1997: BBC News | Single currency | Pros and Cons. Wei, L. 2009: Your portal to the world: Pro Cons For UK When Adopting Euro. European Commission Europa. 2011. How the euro benefit us all. Econ.economicshelp.org. 2007. Economics Essays: Why the UK will never join the EURO These amongst other online sources will also give different opinions on the question asked and will be useful as a source before further reading or research is carried out. With the various forums online and the above sources, there will be a large amount of information Main Body Advantages of the Euro The Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) was established to allow the European economy to function well bringing more jobs and greater prosperity for Europeans (European Commission Europa, 2011). There are many benefits to adopting the euro for the UK and for businesses alike which include eliminating risks and cutting costs. The main benefit for businesses is that due to the single currency there will be no costs in exchanging currencies with EU countries which will result in the uncertainty for businesses being reduced. This will help to improve economic welfare and also remove the risk of unforeseen exchange rate revaluations or devaluations (Historylearningsite.co.uk, 2013; Irons and Colander, 2002). Due to the fluctuating exchange rates, businesses would have to take into consideration either export prices being higher or companies being discouraged from exporting within a single market. Therefore by adopting the euro the UK will have more opportunities for cross-border trade (Ec.europa.eu, 2013; CenuÃ…Å ¸e and Drigă, 2010). This would be more beneficial to medium sized UK businesses as they cannot currently take advantage of operating in the euro-zone and gaining profit like Shell and Vodafone and other larger companies. The interest rate of the Bank of England and other central banks is known to be volatile. With a single currency the European Central Bank will focus on economic conditions across the board helping to lower the interest rate. This will be beneficial for investment and growth as the strength of the currency will improve (Ec.europa.eu, 2013). By keeping the interest rate low or stable, this can improve profitability of exports and more businesses will want to invest in UK firms. Also less volatile interest rates will allow businesses to borrow at cheaper rates and also invest more confidently in the long term (Ec.europa.eu, 2013; Irons and Colander, 2002). For this reason the Japanese company Mitsubishi Corporation is keen for the switch and the By joining the EU, UK businesses will be open to price transparency and reduction of information costs. The single currency will also allow consumers and businesses to compare prices which will help reduce the costs of raw materials and further make their customers happy with lower prices (Baimbridge and Whyman, 2008; Ec.europa.eu, 2013). For example new cars in Europe cost less than new cars in the UK, a single currency will remove this price differential. Also the euro will allow better access as investors will no longer be limited to a local market and investors can move capital to areas where it will be used more effectively (Baimbridge and Whyman, 2008; Ec.europa.eu, 2013). The UK is also known to have a very successful labour market and within a single currency this would be highly beneficial not only in that the inflation rate will go down but also as competitiveness will be sustained (Mongelli, 2008). This could also be very useful for SMEs as well as large organisations due to prices going down and hopefully competitiveness will promote more business. Arguments against adopting the Euro Although the arguments for adopting the euro seem strong, some of the positives can be changed into points to support the UK keeping the sterling. By adopting the euro, the UK may be open to instability, lower growth, higher unemployment and economic decline due to not being able to set their own interest rates based on the national economy (Kern, 2002). Although devaluations can be detrimental in some cases, it has been demonstrated in the past that well-chosen devaluations can help an economy out of difficulties. For example during the economic downturn in 2008, many economies of countries within the euro, such as Spain, could not stimulate their own economy by devaluing their currency and therefore increasing exports, this saw their businesses and economies failing and finding it difficult to recover (Historylearningsite.co.uk, 2013; Baimbridge and Whyman, 2008). The physical conversion from sterling to euros will have many costs for banks and retailers which the UK Government is unlikely to cover, such as training staff, changing computer software, creating open euro bank accounts and educating customers. The British Retailing Consortium estimates that British retailers will have to pay between  £1.7 billion and  £3.5 billion to make the changes necessary (Baimbridge and Whyman, 2008). This will affect SMEs, which will not benefit directly from the adoption of the euro and they could potentially force marginal firms out of business and give countries that are not in the euro a competitive advantage. According to the KPMG report, an estimated 3,000 à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ rms face total costs of up to â‚ ¬56.5 million ( £35.8 million) (Baimbridge and Whyman, 2008). UK Businesses may also have to drive down prices due to the combination of improved availability of information and price transparency. This will be especially troublesome for products that are accessible to cross border trade and will be reinforced by internet shopping (Baimbridge and Whyman, 2008). Inefficient firms will suffer mostly from this and profits will be reduced due to higher levels of competition. Joining the euro would mean that the UK would have to adhere to new labour rules which in some cases govern how employees are hired and fired (Baimbridge and Whyman, 2008; Econ.economicshelp.org, 2007)). As the labour market is more flexible in the UK than it is in others in the euro and UK firms have more independence with employment, joining would be detrimental for the firms as the cost of production would increase and unions would have more power (S-cool.co.uk, 2014; Brugesgroup.com, 2014). Results and Conclusions Based on the findings above the general benefits for the UK businesses adopting the euro are as follows; Lower transaction costs Reducing the uncertainty affecting the profitability of international transactions Lower cost of capital Improved allocation of capital Better use of the common monetary reserves Reducing losses due to different rates of inflation within EMU member countries Improving macroeconomic management and cooperation Improving macroeconomic stabilisation within EU Member States The costs for UK businesses on the other hand are as follows; Deflation and economic instability Costs of change Loss of income resulting from issuing currency Increase of costs necessary to make shock adjustments; Lower economic growth rates Less flexible labour market Comparing the two lists, it would seem that it wold be best for the UK to adopt euro as businesses would benefit from the lower transaction costs, lower cost of capital and better price transparency which could lower invoices and costs of raw materials. This as discussed would benefit customers and could help to boost business. So ultimately it seems that the higher capital costs and an overvalued exchange rate are the results of not joining the euro as well as receiving fewer European visitors (Rickard, S 2002). The costs of the UK adopting the euro seem short term, such as the costs of change and the loss of income due to issuing the new currency. However the less flexible labour market, deflation and the lower economic growth seem to be major factors that have caused the UK to delay the decision to adopt the euro. Those who support the single currency must consider that loss of control over monetary and exchange rate policy may weaken national economic management which, looking at previously strong economies like Germany will have a large impact on trade and business (CenuÃ…Å ¸e, M, Drigă, 2010; Baimbridge and Whyman, 2008) Ultimately there are many factors that need to be considered should the UK decide to adopt the euro or stick with the sterling. The fact that there are political and economic arguments makes it harder to come to a simple decision, and although it appears that the benefits are great, the costs need to be carefully considered as businesses need a strong economy to survive and flourish. Baimbridge and Whyman (2008) quote Healey (2000: 19–20) who states that ‘while the beneà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ts are signià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cant, cumulative over time and reasonably uncontroversial, the costs are much more uncertain, widely exaggerated and almost certain to diminish with the passage of time’ Bibliography Baimbridge, M. and Whyman, P. 2008. Britain, the Euro and beyond. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), EBSCOhost [Viewed 9 February 2014]. Brugesgroup.com. 2014. From Single Market to Single Currency: Evaluating Europes EconomicExperiment. [online] Available at: http://www.brugesgroup.com/mediacentre/index.live?article=74 [Accessed: 10 Feb 2014]. CenuÃ…Å ¸e, M, Drigă, 2010, Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Euro, Annals Of The University Of Petrosani Economics, 10, 3, pp. 61-68, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, [Viewed 9 February 2014]. Currencysolutions.co.uk. 2011. The Unpredictable Character of British Pound And The Euro Exchange Rate. [online] Available at: http://www.currencysolutions.co.uk/euro/the-unpredictable-character-of-british-pound-and-the-euro-exchange-rate [Accessed: 9 Feb 2014]. Ec.europa.eu. 2013. Business benefits European Commission. [online] Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/euro/why/business/index_en.htm [Accessed: 8 Feb 2014]. Ec.europa.eu. 2014. The euro European Commission. [online] Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/euro/ [Accessed: 9 Feb 2014]. Econ.economicshelp.org. 2007. Economics Essays: Why the UK will never join the EURO.. [online] Available at: http://econ.economicshelp.org/2007/03/why-uk-will-never-join-euro.html [Accessed: 9 Feb 2014]. European Commission Europa. 2011. How the euro benefit us all. [online] Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/general/pdf/how_the_euro_benefits_us_all_en.pdf [Accessed: 8 Feb 2014]. Historylearningsite.co.uk. 2013. What are the arguments for and against joining the Euro. [online] Available at: http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/euro.htm [Accessed: 8 Feb 2014]. Irons, J. S. and Colander, D. C. 2002. Study guide [for] Macroeconomics [by] David C. Colander, Edward N. Gamber. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Kern, D. 2002. British Chamber of Commerce Economic Briefing, paper presented at British Chamber of Commerce Economic Briefing, London, 17 February. London: British Chamber of Commerce. Mongelli, F. P. 2008. European economic and monetary integration, and the optimum currency area theory. Brussels: Office for Infrastructures and Logistics. News.bbc.co.uk. 1997. BBC News | Single currency | Pros and cons. [online] Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/single_currency/25081.stm [Accessed: 8 Feb 2014]. Rickard, S 2002, E-Day: the Impact of the Euro on UK Business, Credit Control, 23, 1, p. 14, MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost, [Viewed 9 February 2014]. S-cool.co.uk. 2014. A-level Economics The Euro Revision Should the UK Join the Single Currency? | S-cool, the revision website. [online] Available at: http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/economics/the-euro/revise-it/should-the-uk-join-the-single-currency [Accessed: 10 Feb 2014]. Wall, S., Minocha, S. and Rees, B. 2010. International business. Harlow, England: Pearson/ Financial Times Prentice Hall. Wei, L. 2009. Your portal to the world: Pro Cons For UK When Adopting Euro. [online] Available at: http://econsguide.blogspot.co.uk/2009/02/why-is-uk-considered-wise-to-choose.html [Accessed: 9 Feb 2014].

Vietnam War - Social Movements :: Vietnam Conflict

The Vietnam War (1965-1975)was fought between the North and South Vietnam. The North was called Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the South was the Republic of Vietnam which was supported by the United States. On August 2nd, 1964 the USS Maddox was on a secret intelligent mission on the North Vietnamese coast where in the Gulf on Tonkin they were attacked by torpedo boats. The USS Turner Joy was attacked in the same area two days later. Due to the second attack Congress declared the Gulf of Tonkin resolution which led to air strikes.In 1959 there were 5,000 guerilla fighters and in 1964 the numbers jumped to 100,000. At Pleiku on March, 1965 U.S Marine barracks were attacked causing the three stage escalation bombing of North Vietnam to begin. The 3 year lasting bombing was used to force North Vietnam to stop supporting the "National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam" by destroying their industrial infrastructure and Vietnam's air defenses. Unfortunately this did not stop th e North's support for the NLF. The U.S. Air Force bases were constantly being attacked so the U.S. on March 8, 1965 the 3,500 U.S. Marines was deployed to South Vietnam. At this point in time, the U.S. public supported the dispatch because the Vietnam War had been portrayed to the American people as a war against the spread of Communism. Johnson was president at the time and he kept adding more and more troops as the war went on. As the draft quotas increased, the American public protests started. When Nixon came into presidency his policy towards the Vietnam War was "peace with honor" in other words he wanted to widen the war. After more bombing and fighting, on January 27, 1973 the Paris Peace Accords was signed, restoring peace in Vietnam and U.S. forces pulled out. Nixon stopped all American attacks on Vietnam. The condensed summary of the Vietnam War is to see what presidents were involved in this war (Johnson, and Nixon) and what foreign policies were taken towards Vietnam mos tly before the protests began. Social movements have been a huge influence in shaping U.S. foreign policy. I would like to focus on the Vietnam War and how social protests changed its route. The constant and organized protests done by the American people is definitely a factor that pushed Nixon to take the American troops out of Vietnam, when those weren't his intentions when he was elected for president.

Essay --

The Seagull is a masterpiece written by Chekhov. It is a short play highlighting stories of characters who are preoccupied with themselves, what they want and what they do not have. However, these characters do not seem to listen, empathize or even initially understand anyone until Treplev commits suicide. Within the setup of the story, the author of the play uses various characters different from others. For instance the character of Treplev in the entire play differs to that of Trigorin in different ways. Treplev is a desperate writer and dramatist who live in the shadow of Arkadina. He is an independent person who wants to get out of Arkadina’s shadow. On the other hands, Trigorin is a compulsive and dependent writer who relies on Arkadina. In this section, the author will compare two characters of Treplev and Trigorin, explaining the superiority of one character over the other. Treplev is only son of Arkadina and the protagonist of the play. His perception about life is insecure as he struggles with the endeavors of being a famous dramatist like his mother who is a successful actress. He also focuses on his dreams of being successful in writing like Trigorin who is also a successful writer. Both Arkadina and Trigorin have membership of the elite Russian intelligentsia and the artistic community. They have a legacy in the community for over what they have done in terms of writing. In terms of character analysis, Treplev seems to be intolerant, self-defeating and juvenile. This is shown through how he behaves in the whole play. The desire that Treplev has for love torments him in a distinct way. He tries to develop a new form of writings that he wants to replicate the new upsurge of symbolist inscription that will reinvigorate ... ...think about form, because it’s pouring freely out of your soul† (pg 179) As Dorn advised Treplev in Act One, Treplev progressively realizes writing is all about their picturesque path with a well defined goal not a new forms and only to create new forms and being appreciated. In addition, Treplev is no longer jealous and starts yearning for Trigorin’s writing. He says â€Å"Trigorin has a perfected a technique for himself, it’s easy for him/ He has a shard of broken bottle glisten on the dam and a black shadow cast by the millwheel and there’s your moonlight night ready –made† (pg 179) There is a difference in the shade of meaning when Treplev explain about Trigorin between Act One and Act Four. Treplev respects the way of Trigorin’s writing and his formula. By the comparison Treplev and Trigorin, we can learn about the point of view with writing and their life style.

Brainwashing Our Future Essay

Around the globe today, the belief that a perfect body existing is at an all-time high. With airbrushing being used on practically every photo of actors/actresses/models, young adults get the false sense that they have to be a specific way to be prefect or normal even. It’s unjust that airbrushing photos leads these young adults to hate on themselves or on others for not being something that, in all reality, isn’t even real. Airbrushed photos of modern idols case teenagers to participate in unhealthy eating disorders, to bully fellow peers, and to obtain emotional problems that will stay with them for a lifetime. With airbrushing of photos also comes the unhealthy practice of eating disorders in young adult, especially young women, to fulfill the belief that doing so will result in having â€Å"matched up to their beauty and perfection† (Petten Van). Disorders like anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating have become most commonly found in the adolescent population because of these photos. In general, teen girls grow up seeing airbrushed photos which cause the desire to be â€Å"perfect†, later resulting in eating disorders. 42% of 1st to 3rd grade girls want to be thinner and 86% females report onset of eating disorder by age 20; 43% report onset between ages 16 and 20 (â€Å"Eating Disorder Statistics†). As a result, death rate of young adults has increased immensely and continues to surrender the hope of ever ending the cycle of teen disorders. Generally, as the number of adolescents who attain an eating disorder increases, so does the number of deaths to the teen populatio n. Airbrushing also contributes to bullying. Young adults are given the idea that one has to be a specific way in order to be accepted, so as a rule, teenagers bully one another out of jealousy or belief that all should fit what is seen as the norm due to airbrushing. But in return, there is the â€Å"5% of Americans that naturally possess the body type portrayed in magazine images† (â€Å"Eating Disorder Statistics†). That 5% is also bullied by those brainwashed by society to see it as the standard form. It makes sense that â€Å"a healthy girl does not have a solid sense of who she is and can be very susceptible to thinking one should look like the models, even though the model is airbrushed and really only a fantasy† (Cooper). Demi Lovato, a young teen pop star, has â€Å"openly aired her troubles† many times, describing the effects eating disorders and bullying that resulted from social media, like airbrushed photos, had on her life (LaPort). Bullying is the result of teens not having many idols that are raw and â€Å"going through what many of them are† (LaPort). Summing up the overall affect airbrushing has on adolescents comes down to these: emotional predicaments that can stay on one’s heart and mind until the very last breath. As a victim of bullying, my cousin Morgan shared her thoughts and feelings on her experiences. â€Å"The things they said were so harsh†¦unforgettable,† she whispered. â€Å"Every day I look at myself and repeat those words, even though I physically know they aren’t true.† She is one of â€Å"160,000 children who miss school every day due to fear of attack or intimidation by other students† (â€Å"Make Beats Not Beat Downs: Facts and Statistics†). Bullying and eating disorders do not have short term effects, and can affect even the most confident person on the planet. These long term emotional situations are hurting the young minds of society and it all comes back to the pointless use of airbrushing. Some believe airbrushing is â€Å"just and image†¦a fantasy if you will†, regardless of the effect it has on adolescents (Cooper). Which is true, but teenagers are at the point of learning who they are and look to these photos of their idols to help decide, or figure out, who exactly is it that they see themselves being as adults. Others believe that airbrushing protects the eyes of younger minds from inappropriate matters like tattoos, thongs, or smoking. In response, the sooner one learns what the real world has to offer, bad and good, the sooner one realizes that everything isn’t perfect and can make decisions based on actual matters. Parents cannot protect children from the ideas of society surrounding them no matter how much they try. Would one rather children learn by looking at something everywhere around them or by hearing it from a mind not brainwashed by the wrong doings? The governments that allow the use of airbrushing on models and actors could easily pass a law to ban the deceptive practice of airbrushing. But the government won’t act unless the citizens act upon it first. By celebrities themselves opposing the act of an artist reconstructing their photos, and sewing them if done regardless, soon enough there won’t be any airbrushed photos to be released to the public. Previous victims of eating disorders or bullying should take a stand and tell the government, and its people, just how badly these photos affect the generations of society today. If not stopped now, then when will airbrushing ever come to an end? It’s time to end it and stop brainwashing our future. Works Cited A) Catapano, Rosanna. ANAD (The National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders) n.p. n.d. Web. 22 March 2013. B) Diller, Vivian. â€Å"Is Photoshop Destroying America’s Body Image.† Huffpost Post. N.p. n.d. Web. 22 March 2013. C) Petten Van, Vanessa. â€Å"Photoshop: The Effect On Teen Girls and Why It Needs to be Banned.† Radical Parenting. n.p. n.d. Web. 22 March 2013.

American Transcendentalism: the Life of Spiritual Individuality Essay

In the Second Great Awakening different spurs of religious movements were influenced around the country in the late 18th century. During the religious movement one of the major reforms was Unitarism. In the Unitarian Church the main focus is on God, and the impact God has on the unity of the world . Although many joined this reform, there were others that went against it. They disagreed with the contracted meaning of Christian when referring to God. They favored the name â€Å"theist,† that showed â€Å"universal designation of the divinity. † These people were called Transcendentalist. Transcendentalism was an idealistic and literary movement that promotes a simple lifestyle and a â€Å"semi-religious nature. † The Transcendental Club was founded in 1836 in Boston, Massachusetts. The founder and most popular of them all was a writer and bard, Ralph Waldo Emerson. Others that were involved were a feminist reformer and writer, Margaret Fuller, a minister, Theodore Parker, naturalist and novelist, Henry David Thoreau, James Freeman Clarke and many other members. People became very confused with the beliefs of the transcendentalism. Transcendentalism contained â€Å"a combination of intellectual, aesthetic, and spiritual attributes. † James Freemen Clarke stated that â€Å"we are called like-minded because no two of us think alike. † There was no definite dogma for this belief but there were still values generally held. In An Essay on Transcendentalism, by Charles Mayo Ellis he explained that transcendentalism sustained one’s idea from God, motivation or the pious world. The inner conscience was where all ideas and reason began. Transcendentalists had a very different lifestyle. They were not very successful with all their ideas, but they promoted ideological and social change though their research and the great mind their God gave them. Emerson also rejected the Unitarism community and was seen to be the founder of the Transcendentalists. He believed Unitarism to be â€Å"a cold intellectualism that seemed to destroy the validity of man’s conscience,† meaning stopping a man from thinking. He created a group with his friends that did an extensive research on a philosophy that had a more universal just. A philosophy they revealed was a German transcendentalist by Immanuel Kant in the 18th century. Emerson’s lectures were mostly about the history of the world and what history actually is. America was influence also by the books, Aids of Reflection by Thomas Carlyle and Samuel Coleridge. Al the reform grew by the writings by Bhagavad-Gita of Hinduism, Saying of Confucius, and French authors. Ralph Waldo Emerson created the First Series in 1841 an Essay on History and begins with one of his poems: There is no great and no small To the Soul that maketh all: And where it cometh, all things are; And it cometh everywhere, I am owner of the sphere Of the sevens and the solar year, Of Caesar’s hand, and Plato’s brain, Of Lord Christ’s heart, and Shakspeare’s strain. At the end of the poem Emerson’s references to Caesar, Plato, Lord Christ, and Shakespeare, who are still known as great men, would have influenced Americans to keep listening, reading, and understanding his views. Emerson believed in self-reliance. Transcendentalism is focused on the right to reason through one’s conscience and spiritual world. Emerson states in his essay that one who has â€Å"the right of reason is made a freeman of the whole estate. † He described his thought by using the experiences of Plato. Americans would be able to realize if a great man like Plato acted upon Emerson’s statement, and they also were to repeat it, they may become great like him. Emerson continued to explain that one is determines their history and â€Å"this human mind wrote history†¦ if the whole of history is in one man, it is all to be explained from individual experience. † If one is an individual their decisions impact where they will end up in life, but also one individual can change the world. Emerson uses the example that â€Å"everyone revolution was first a thought in one man’s mind and when the same thought occurs to another, it is the key to that era†¦every reform was once a private opinion, and when it shall be a private opinion again, it will solve the problem of the age. † Solving the problem of the age was the task of Emerson and other transcendentalists and other social reformers. Throughout the whole essay the individual that Emerson was referring to can be anyone. He did not judge by the color and size, but people were seen as equals. This idea gave hope to the minorities of America who were looked down upon. Emerson gave them up and believed that they will motivate themselves to be the individual that wise men opt to be. Henry David Thoreau had his own vies on transcendentalism. He believed in â€Å"individual conscience† and if one disagreed with a law proposed by the government they should refuse to obey the laws. He did not believe in violence and always resorted in peace. In the Resistance to Civil Government written 1849 by Thoreau, he explained how the American government was corrupted. He said, â€Å"That government is best which governs not at all,† throughout his proposal he continued to state a good government was expedient. An expedient government is one that focuses on the practical rather than the moral reasons. The American government was all tradition and it did not promote a free country. Thoreau wanted a better government. Transcendentalists had strong faith in the conscience. Thoreau asked the question, â€Å"Can there not be a government in which the majorities do not virtually decide right and wrong, but conscience? † One should use their conscience to understand right from wrong and not by what tradition may explain. Thoreau also explained how the corrupted government has controlled the people. In the military they were known as the â€Å"standing army† and the mean had no free will of judgment. Thoreau’s idea of civil disobedience was practiced by a solider who did not want to fight in an unjust war. The government expected to obey their â€Å"unjust laws† There were two different types of injustice described. Thoreau understood which situations to let go and which to act upon: If the injustice is part of the necessary friction of the machine of government, let it go, let it go: perchance it will wear smooth–certainly the machine will wear out. If the injustice has a spring, or a pulley, or a rope, or a crank, exclusively for itself, then perhaps you may consider whether the remedy will not be worse than the evil; but if it is of such a nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice to another, and then I say, break the law. Thoreau did not believe in slavery or the war in Mexico and these events started the civil disobedience. When person does not follow the rules of the government then they are put in jail. Jail is the right place for both a thief and a â€Å"just man†. The whole America government was based on majority rules; the government was based on injustice. â€Å"All voting is a sort of gaming, like checkers, or backgammon†¦ playing with right and wrong, with moral questions; and betting naturally accompanies it†¦cast your whole vote, not a strip of paper merely, but your whole influence. † The minorities were rejected and overlooked. Minorities were powerless, and they should result into civil disobedience. Thoreau explains the attitude of his state by giving a scenario. What will the state of Massachusetts would do with the man; they will rather keep all in prison and give up war and slavery. Civil disobedience is a rebellion known as a â€Å"peaceable revolution. † The reason that many did not want to practice civil disobedience was because of fear. They were afraid of the consequence to their kin and assets. Thoreau experienced the consequences of civil disobedience. He did not pay his tax for six years and he was put in jail. He believed that living in jail was better than obeying an unjust law. This rebellion in jail was a type of propaganda that influenced people to take to stand for what they believed in and used their conscience. Men that use their conscience are just men. Thoreau’s dream was to live in a stat in which justice was served to all and everyone is treated with respect. Transcendentalism was a very widespread religion that understood one’s individuality and self-reliance. Throughout America, people were more and more influenced by the Second Great Awakening. Ideological and social change was promoted mostly through writing. Both Emerson and Thoreau were able to express themselves that was to motivation a reader to change their lifestyle. Also the Transcendental Club was not strict and did not have an imposed guideline. Transcendentalism focused on the unity of others and the minorities are recognized. In the long-run Transcendentalism was not as successful as it was seen to be, but during the late 18th century and early 19th century this reform had a big impact on the lives of the American people. 1. Campbell, Donna M. â€Å"American Transcendentalism. † http://www. wsu. edu/~campbelld/amlit/amtrans. htm. 21 May 2007. Literary Movements. 19 Apr. 2009 . 2. Danzer, Gerald A. , et al. â€Å"Religion Sparks Reform. † Afterword. The Americans. 1985. By Danzer, et al.. Ed. John S. Bowes. Evanston: McDougal Littell, 2003. 240-245. 3. Emerson, Ralph Waldo. â€Å"Emerson’s Journal, June 24, 1863. † http://www. transcendentalists. com/emerson_on_thoreau. htm. 19 Apr. 2009. Jone Johnson Lewis. 19 Apr. 2009 . 4. Emerson, Ralph Waldo. â€Å"History from Essays: First Series (1841). † http://www. emersoncentral. com/history. htm. 19 Apr. 2009. Jone Johnson Lewis. 19 Apr. 2009 . 5. Harding, Walter. â€Å"Transcendentalism. † http://www. themystica. com/mystica/articles/t/transcendentalism. html. 14 Apr. 2009. MYSTICA. 19 Apr. 2009 . 6. Thoreau, Henry David. â€Å"1849, Resistance to Civil Government. † http://www. transcendentalists. com/1thorea. html. 19 Apr. 2009. Jone Johnson Lewis. 19 Apr. 2009 .

Reasons for Ethical Standards in the workplace Essay

Ethical standards guide individuals and the company to act in an honest and trustworthy manner in all interactions. These standards should encourage employees to make the right decisions for the company, not the individual, and give them the courage to come forward should they notice dishonest and unethical behavior. Company programs focused on ethics help lay out company standards and expected practices as they relate to ethical behavior and decisions. This can include providing clear guidance on common ethical dilemmas, such as using the phone at work for personal long-distance calls or using company software programs for personal projects. Management often sets the tone for expected ethical behavior and actions in the workplace. The actions and behaviors of management, and other senior staff, help steer departments and employees toward proper and accepted business practices. Part of this responsibility includes enforcing rules, guidelines and policies fairly and equally across all levels of the organization. Managers may also be tasked with helping employees navigate ethical dilemmas and solving difficult situations to keep the corporation on the right path. It’s very difficult to define ethics in the workplace. Generally,â€Å"being ethical† involves conducting yourself in accordance with accepted principles of right and wrong. Ethics is a matter of using integrity-based decision-making procedures to guide your decisions and actions. In the workplace, being ethical may involve acting morally right, being honest, not cheating your employer, co-workers, or customers, not stealing from from the supply closet, and generally treating your co-workers well Other ethical situations may involve harassment, inappropriate use of the Internet, outside-of-work activities, etc. If your workplace lacks ethical standards, your employer risks losing valuable employees and customers and possibly even more Federal laws impose heavier penalties on employers Some of the primary forms of employee misconduct or unethical behavior include the following: ââ€"† Misrepresenting time or hours worked; ââ€"† Lying to supervisors; ââ€"† Lying to co-workers, customers, vendors, or the public; ââ€"† Misuse of your employer’s assets; and ââ€"† Lying on reports or falsifying records. As you can see, there is a widespread need for ethics in your workplace. A code of ethics can provide guidelines for your

The Mississippi Burning: Could the FBI have done more?

Depicted in a 1988 movie and subject of many journals, references, and publications, the Mississippi Burning, otherwise known as the United States vs. Cecil price et. al. case, has been one of the most famous trials in the country. Mississippi Burning revolves around the murder of three civil rights activists in Mississippi, 1964. The victims were Michael Schwerner, James Chaney, and Andy Goodman. The three were in Mississippi to visit the bombed Mt. Zion church, one among the series of twenty black churches bombed on Summer, 1964. In this visit, June 21 of that year, the three were arrested and illegally detained by Deputy Sheriff Cecil Price. It was also Price who turned the three over to the Ku Klux Klan, in a scripted â€Å"release† for the three with the KKK. The bodies of the three, beaten and shot, were found in a dam almost two months after on August 4. (Mississippi Burning Trial: A Chronology, n.d.) The Ku Klux Klan Racists, terrorists, anti-Semitists—the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) have been called many names from their conception in the 1800s. The Klan started out as a group promoting white supremacy. From their beginnings, they have used terrorism, intimidation, and cross burning against African Americans. While they were successfully suppressed, the KKK has found itself reincarnated by modern followers in the 1920s. This second KKK was also suppressed, but was revived when the Civil Rights Movement was activated in the 1960s. The 60s found the Ku Klux Klan of Mississippi associated with crimes against the civil rights activists, most especially in favor of the Black people. The Ku Klux Klan were found guilty, in federal records, for the assassination of Medgar Evers in 1963, as well as in the well-known trial against Cecil Price for the KKK murder of Schwerner, Chaney, and Goodman. The series of bombings of black churches were also accounted to the members of the KKK. Cross burnings throughout this period was also rampant. (Mississippi Burning Trial: A Chronology, n.d.) According to The Ku Klux Klan (n.d.), the most prominent KKK movement in the 60s was the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, founded by Robert Shelton, who was reported to have heavily employed lynching (mob killing) to discourage black people from voting, in contrary to the Mississippi Summer Project encouraging blacks to vote. Schools, homes and white people supporting the movement have also been victimized by the KKK’s lynching and other forms of intimidation. This acts of intimidation, murder, assassination, manslaughter, and were not â€Å"invented† by the 1960’s KKK of Mississippi. Rather, they are renditions of the original KKK’s acts in the 1800s. The FBI and the 1960’s Racist Violence Behind the successes and failures of the racial discrimination cases in the 1960s, most especially in the South, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) plays a big role. The same case goes in a much publicized case as that of the Mississippi Burning, which interrelates several different racism cases of burning, murder, and civil rights infringements in Mississippi into one highly sensationalized court proceeding. The FBI, though, uses no special means in investigating racist violence at the time. In fact, FBI has had secrets of its own. Glick (n.d.) asserts that the FBI has its way of infiltrating movements in the 1960s, including black movements. In his text, Glick suggests that the FBI has COINTELPRO or counter intelligence program which uses otherwise illegal means of investigation such as infiltration, deception, and harassment to dissolve movements. The main targets were said to be Black movements. Thus, police racism has been existent. There is no known concrete relation between the COINTELPRO and the Mississippi Burning case, however. Could the FBI have done more? 1960s was a period without the present technology that FBI enjoys. FBI investigators had standard procedures to follow, and there is no concrete evidence that they infringed any of these procedures. The Mississippi Burning case was one that has been trialed by the public before the court. Everybody knew who were guilty. Everybody believed Cecil Price and the KKK were to be convicted. That, then the evidences and witnesses affirmed. Thus, the FBI was sufficient and efficient in this respect. However, there are many other cases racism violence and civil rights violation, most of which were not publicized. The FBI has been passive in dealing with these cases. Police racism existed, and if it were true the COINTELPRO worsened the events. The FBI could have devised a special plan to implement anti-racism violence statutes to support the Civil Rights Movement that was active at that time, as it was no ordinary time. Then, it will be known that the FBI has done enough. References Glick, B. (n.d.) COINTELPRO revisited: spying and disruption. Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/cointelpro-methods.html Ku Klux Klan, The. (n.d.) Ku Klux Klan. Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkkk.htm Mississippi Burning Trial. (n.d.) Mississippi Burning Trial: A Chronology. Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/price&bowers/miss_chrono.html   

The Chemistry in Desalination Plants Research Paper

The Chemistry in Desalination Plants - Research Paper Example As the discussion declares there are various processes which are involved in desalination of water. Through the process of distillation liquids are separated from one another due to their difference in boiling points. The instrument used in distillation is called a ‘still’ and it consists of a pot, condenser, and a receiver. The liquid is heated in the pot, the condenser condenses it and the receiver receives the separated liquids. There are three different processes of distillation; Multi-Stage Flash, Multiple-Effect and Vapor Compression. In all these three processes water is either heated or passed through steam tubes and separated. This study highlights that an additional method is the process of Electro dialysis in which salt ions are transported from one solution to another by passing them through an ion exchange membrane. Due to the electric charges possessed by the ions they pass through the electro membrane. The membrane has the skill to select or reject the ions and transport them hence it is utilized in separation or removal of electrolytes. Another commonly used method in water desalination is the process of reverse osmosis. In this process the solvent is transported from a high concentration solution to a low concentration solution through a membrane. The membrane acts as a filter in which the solute is trapped on one side and the pure solvent is obtained on the other side. This method is used is obtaining fresh water from sea water. The pressure is applied on the higher concentration solution. The outwardly applied pressure builds up and is greater than the concentration difference hence the net solve nt movement is from high concentration area to low concentration area. Finally as the solute cannot pass through as the membrane because is it not permeable to it, the solute and the solvent are separated.

GLobal Warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

GLobal Warming - Research Paper Example That global warming has happened in the recent past is evident from the rise in the mean temperature of the earth’s atmosphere. Many ecosystems will be unable to adapt suitably to such rapid changes in climate and this will lead to extinction of some animal species. In addition to the impact on ecosystems, human agriculture, health and water resources are all being affected by global warming sparking wide spread apprehension across the globe. Scientists agree that human activities have led to release of green house gases that in turn are responsible for global warming during the last century. This has been especially marked during the last 50 years. As humans began to use petroleum and burn coal and oil to heat their cities and run their machines, levels of carbon dioxide have risen by almost 30%. The concentration of nitrous oxide and methane that are by products of farming, coming from rice fields and cattle have also risen by 10 – 15 %. In 2002 about 40% of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions were a result of the burning of fossil fuels for the purpose of electricity generation. Coal accounted for 93 percent of the emissions from the electric utility industry. Statistics show that of the total energy consumption in the US every year, almost 85 % comes from gas and petroleum products and coal. (American Gas Association) About 33% of U.S carbon dioxide emissions come from the burning of gasoline in engines of cars and light trucks. Hence the second biggest sources of these green house gases are road vehicles and industries. Emissions from airplanes and buildings add their own percentages of Carbon Dioxide to the atmosphere and aid global warming. It has been found that water vapor in the atmosphere - a powerful greenhouse gas, has been increasing, due to warming caused by carbon dioxide, methane and other green house gases. Deforestation is yet another major cause of

Assess the Impact of a Political Environment on International Business Essay

Assess the Impact of a Political Environment on International Business - Essay Example The significance of politics is much more in international business because the political system varies from country to country. Purpose of the study: According to (Batler 1998), a business entity should always take into account political risk because it is directly related to the investment, cost, tax structure and the return from that country. Keillor et al (2005) also have similar opinion. They admitted politics as a threat to international operation. Background of the study: A case study on Bangaladesh, a developing country can be cited here. The World Bank has forecasted the GDP growth of Bangladesh at 5.7 percent for the fiscal year 2014.This is way below the growth forecast 7.2 percent, done by the Bangladesh government itself. According to World Bank, the reasons behind the slower growth are political unrest, remittance crisis and problem in garments sector. Remittance is a political issue and garments is outsourced business, so again a political issue) 1. General political uncertainty: Though the normal political instability is not considered as a serious problem but if the uncertainty increases it harms the business growth. Giving the example of Africa Frynas (1998) mentioned that, political instability of Africa is the main barrier for economic development. 2. Ownership risk: If the government takes over a private business or goes for expropriation then the private owners might lose its ownership. These situations are termed as nationalization or protectionism of business. 3. Operational Risk: Government policies of the country where the business is operating matters a lot. The availability of finance, cost structure, tax structure, buying of property, human resource strategy, marketing technique everything is dependent on the government policy. Korrin (1979) expressed his concern in the case of political influence in business decision making process pr planning. In much

The advantages and disadvantages of E-recruiting Research Paper

The advantages and disadvantages of E-recruiting - Research Paper Example The study involved employees and human resources personnel in various categories of companies in order to establish the experiences of employees and employers with this process (Schmesser, et.al, 2011, p. 26). In the study, forty-five companies were sampled randomly and in each business the human resource personnel were required to respond to the question and five employees were issued with questionnaires randomly to respond to a similar question. The question was open-ended in order to give the respondents an opportunity to discuss in details personal opinion about online hiring of workers and possibly suggest the necessary actions for improving the online hiring process. The objectives of this investigation were to examine the benefits and challenges of online hiring process, identify the weaknesses of online recruitment process and examine the areas that need improvement in order to increase efficiency of online recruitment process. Although online recruitment of workers is becomi ng the most common method in the modern society, it is not necessarily very accurate because it has other drawbacks that prohibit the jobseekers and employers to achieve their goals. Online recruitment is a process in which companies choose their prospective candidate via internet to fill job vacancies in the business. The candidate posts their curriculum Vitae and cover letter electronically to the company’s or recruiter’s website (Kapse, et.al, 2012, p.2269). The recruiter will retrieve the applicants CVs and screen them using special software in order to select those who qualify for the job advertised. The online advertisements for the jobs can reach all the jobseekers irrespective of their locality. This gives the companies an opportunity to reach as many potential employees as possible thus creating potential for the employers to get the best candidates for the advertised position (Schmeser, 2013, p. 35). Furthermore, the advertisement posted online is

Compare and Contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Compare and Contrast - Essay Example In this light, we will find out the background, culture and beliefs of the artists who created the following two specimens of artifacts: The Venus of Willendorf, created during the Paleolithic era, and The Neolithic Plastered Skull of the Neolithic era. The Venus of Willendorf was discovered in 1908 in an Aurignician loess deposit above the Danube River near Willendorf, Austria.by the archaeologist Josef Szombathy. Currently in Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, this tiny statue (only 11.1 cm in length) is sculpted from a fine porous oolitic limestone unavailable in the region. It is assumed that this is done with flint tools done in a foreign land (Witcombe, 2003). In the case of the Neolithic Plastered Skulls, the artifacts were discovered during the Amman-Zarqua highway construction in the 1970's in Ain Ghazai near Amman, Jordan. Gary Roliefson excavated the site to prevent its potential destruction from the urbanization of the site. Plaster used in covering walls and floors of structures in Ain Ghazal are the materials utilized in creating the relics. Also, in this place, plaster is also intended for the treatment of the skulls of the dead (Feldman, 2006). When it comes to the location of the relics' discovery, the Venus of Willendorf is located in a place where the materials, fine porous oolitic limestone, of the image are ... In this period, nurturing arable lands for agricultural purposes has already been the common practice. The tendency of people at those times is to commune with each other and to grow plants and livestock for food. Both the artifacts' materials are from minerals coming from the ground (limestone and plaster). However the difference in the manner in creating them shows the diversity of the level of technology in these two periods in human prehistoric eras. The sculptor in the Paleolithic carved the Venus of Willendorf out of limestone with flint tools in its natural and processed state. The creator of the Neolithic Plastered Skulls, on the other hand, had already acquired sufficient knowledge to produce a mixture of mud plaster and lime plaster (Rollefson, 1998). In terms of the features of the two artifacts it is interesting to note that the Venus of Willendorf exaggerates the features of the figure while the Neolithic Plastered Skulls displays human features realistically. Perhaps the most notable distinction between the plastered skulls in Jordan from the Venus of Willendorf is the latter's absence of genitalia. By this distinction alone, we can see the intention of the artists in creating these prehistoric artistic opuses. The distinction of the features of these relics presents the interesting contrast of the reason of their creation of these priceless antique art forms. Though the real intention of creating them are still to be known, archaeologists have developed certain logical and possible theories based on the features of the artworks. With regards to the Venus of Willendorf some archaeologists advocates the theory that it has religious significance. For them it is a relic that the Paleolithic tribe who created it considers a

Customer Integration and Satisfaction Forum 5 TLMT 441 Assignment

Customer Integration and Satisfaction Forum 5 TLMT 441 - Assignment Example During the September 1 attack on the U.S, the terrorists hijacked a passenger carrier airplane sending worrying signals to customers regarding their safety. Customer’s reaction in relation to the safety concern is evident in all motor carriers within the U.S. In examining whether strategic change is essential for the long-term benefits of an organization, the study: To change or not to change, takes a close examination on customer’s feelings regarding all motor carriers’ firms’ response after the September 11 incident (Atwater et al, 2011). The data gathered indicates a huge disruption and downturns following the terrorist attack. For example, the normal operations in the motor carriers firms declined by more than half. Although, some carriers changed their strategies after the attacks, performance was still not impressing. All the carriers performed awful following the attacks as customers grew fear irrespective of any security measures the firms included (Atwater et al, 2011). As a matter of fact, a declined performance was achieved by firs that opted change their strategies as opposed to those that stuck with earlier strategies. In conclusion, adopting strategic measures after a strategic surprise is not a guarantee of developing customer satisfaction (Kotler, 2010). As evidenced through the change of strategy by the carrier firms that changed their strategy following the September 11 terrorist attacks. Other than adopting strategic changes, the study finds out that customer satisfaction and integration is a continuous

Dq6-Sheila Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dq6-Sheila - Essay Example The essay will discuss following thesis statement highlighting three major discussion questions that are provided. â€Å"Decision support, business intelligence and knowledge worker information system helps to enhance effective customer relationship management process in an organization that ensures business growth rate of an organization†. A decision support system can be considered as an effective computer programme application that evaluates and analyzes different types of valuable business data in order to ease the decision making process of the users (Laudon, 2011). The concept of knowledge sharing among the employees is emerging in contemporary organizational job structure due to growing competition in job market. Moreover, it is also true that each and every employee needs to utilize their knowledge and skills to evaluate and analyze any kinds of business data set. These have become prior responsibilities of employees (Galegher, 2014). It is true that, global business environment has become highly competitive. Decision support system significantly adds value after implying cost. On the other hand, knowledge workers bring efficiency in decision making process through the effective use of DSS. These require high business operation cost. But, end of the day it helps an organization to develop effective strategy. For example, Walmart has developed several strategies to enhance decision support system. The organization implemented installed and implemented numbers of decision support system including sales data warehouse and retail link in order to enhance strategy development process. This process somehow helped the organization to become market leader. In spite of huge application cost, organizations generally implements advanced technological applications in order to gain potential competitive advantages. Decision support system is such an effective system

Findyourdeal.com Thesis Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Findyourdeal.com - Thesis Proposal Example Specifications for all these components are standardized and are available off the shelf in any computer store or an e-commerce website. We will extensively use open source software applications to run our IS resources. Most of the open source software applications are royalty free, and hence will shoot down our costs. Some examples of free and open source applications will be Ubuntu as the operating system, Open Office as the general productivity suite, Mozilla Firefox/Google Chrome as the browser, GIMP as photo editor. We will outsource annual maintenance contracts to local hardware providers, thereby nullifying the requirement of any dedicated manpower for maintenance of hardware resources at out office. We will also employ freelance technical help personnel from lower cost economies to drive down our software maintenance costs. 1. Aggregate deals from companies: To keep costs down in the initial phase, we will use the internet to scout for deals being offered by companies. Sourcing of deals may be done through 3 distinct processes: E-commerce businesses range from a multibillion dollar business like Amazon, to really small mom-and-pop-managed kind of a website that generates not more than$5000 revenues in a month. The set of features required in an e-commerce website obviously depends on the present status of an e-commerce business, and also perhaps on the future growth potential. While the initial two components are common place, it selecting appropriate e-commerce software that will be a critical activity. Available e-commerce systems may be categorized using a whole lot of parameters like, Open source / Proprietary, Off-she Shelf/Custom made, Microsoft Technologies/LAMP based or Product/SaaS. Every available e-commerce component have its own utility and caters to a specific set of customers, we have chosen to use LAMP based open source e-commerce systems for our business. LAMP is an acronym for Linux, Apache, MySQL and

Revollutionary and evolutionary socialist hae different ends and means Essay Example for Free

Revollutionary and evolutionary socialist hae different ends and means Essay Socialism is a broad ideology which covers a whole range of different traditions and ideals. There are disagreements within socialism are most definitely between revolutionary and evolutionary socialist in terms of means and ends. Revolutionary socialism believes in the idea that a capitalist system will not easily fall and so the only way to remove a capitalist society is for a mass up rise and overthrow of the system accepting that violence may be involved with this. From a Marxist-Leninist view the way for this to take place is for a vanguard party to help the proletariat to have some sort of revolutionary class consciousness. Revolutionary socialist reject electoral and constitutional politics as it is inextricably tied to the interest of a capitalist society and the ruling class, which is why Marxists see revolution as inevitable as they believe in the complete abolition of it. Revolutionary socialism therefore seeks the abolition of Private property and the state; this is because Marx and Engels viewed capitalism and its traditions to be a system of naked oppression and exploitation on the working masses and therefore the only way to remove capitalism and enforce socialism is by mass up rise from working class. Marxists therefore believe that political power reflects class interests and that the state is a bourgeois state that is based on the capital. Reasons in which there is a need for a overthrow of the bourgeois state by political revolution is because Revolutionary Socialists understand that change by political reform and gradual change which is supported by evolutionary socialist are clearly misleading as the ideas of universal suffrage and regular and competitive elections are simply a disguise of the actual reality of unequal classes and to mislead the political energies of the working class. Hence the need for the class-conscious proletariat to overthrow the capitalist state in order to enforce socialism. However in contrast evolutionary socialists believe that means of socialism should be brought about peacefully by the ballot. An example of this is Fabian Socialists who believe in inevitability of gradualism, which means that the working class would use the means of political democracy to empower them and therefore use voting to bring a Socialist Party into power. Fabian Socialists therefore take the liberals view on the state rather than the Marxist, so the state should be neutral authority rather than an agent of class oppression. They also believe that through education and a combination of political action that the elite of the capitalist society can be converted to socialism this way, essentially for them is the most easiest way to achieve socialism in the most peaceful manner. the use of the ballot would therefore develop an evolutionary outgrowth of capitalism. The inevitability of gradualism is supported by evolutionary socialists as extension of franchise would eventually lead to universal adult suffrage which will then lead on to political equality. if political equality is apparent, then in practice it will work in the interest of the majority. so evolutionary socialists believe political democracy would go in the hands of the working class as within any industrial society, the proletariat would be the majority. Therefore, as human nature seen by socialist is ultimately altruistic, they will inevitably be drawn towards social political parties which offer social justice. this will then guarantee the success of socialist parties numerically. once in power the party will then be able to legitimately create changes within society towards socialism and so achieving socialism peacefully and therefore making it inevitable. There are also disagreements with the terms of ends in socialism between revolutionary and evolutionary socialists. As seen, revolutionary socialism seeks to abolish capitalism and seek to replace it with a classless and stateless society which essentially the Marxist utopia; they also seek a social system based on common ownership. Revolution socialists believe private property should be removed as they believe that the origins of competition and inequality come from private property, and so they seek to remove private property as it is seen as unjust because wealth is produces as a collective effort of humans and so should not be owned by individuals. Common ownership as a terms of ends also emphasises on the fact that private property is morally corrupting and it fosters conflict in society ie. between owners and workers, or simply rich and poor. Therefore Fundamentalist socialists seek to abolish capitalism and replace it with a qualitatively different kind of society based on common ownership. Whereas, the evolutionary socialist seek to attain socialism through a parliamentary route and evidently showing the clear disagreement between evolutionary and  revolutionary socialists as they have very different ways to achieve socialism and the type of socialism that will be enforced as evolutionary socialists believe in a few types of ends ranging from the abolition of capitalism, to taming it through welfare state, wealth and progressive taxation which is definitely opposed by revolutionary socialists. Essentially they moderately critique capitalism as they only want to reform and reduce the economic inequalities and increase social justice. this has led to the redefinition of socialism in terms of distributive equality rather than common ownership. however there has been an exception within socialism with Fundamentalist democrats as they want to remove capitalism through the parliamentary route, however there has not been any demonstration of this type of ideology.